Light (phototherapy)-induced riboflavin deficiency in the neonate

Gromisch, Donald S.; Lopez, Rafael; Cole, Harold S.; Cooperman, Jack M.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(77)80784-1

Cited by 73 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Because renal elimination of metabolites, other than free riboflavin, occurs only in minor amounts (28), the arteriovenous concentration gradient should be produced predominantly by tissue uptake and not by renal elimination. As indicated above, sufficient coenzyme saturation of FAD-dependent enzymes with their cofactors was observed in preterm as well as in full-term infants (6,19,20). This also suggests successful utilization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

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Intrauterine Vitamin B2 Uptake of Preterm and Full-Term Infants

Zempleni¹,

Link

Bitsch³

1995

Pediatr Res

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Intrauterine uptake of vitamin B, in preterm and full-term infants was examined. Factors of influence on vitamin supply were considered. Forty-four women and their infants were included in the study. Fetal vitamin uptake was calculated as arteriovenous concentration gradient in cord plasma times umbilical plasma flow. Concentration of vitamin B, (free riboflavin and flavocoenzymes) was determined by high performance liquid chromatography of placental tissue and blood plasma (maternal vein, umbilical artery, umbilical vein). Flavocoenzymes were analyzed as flavin mononucleotide after acid hydrolysis of flavin adenine dinucleotide. Umbilical plasma flow was measured using pulsed Doppler sonography. Both free riboflavin and flavocoenzymes were transferred from the maternal plasma to the umbilical vein, but only free riboflavin was accumulated (-1:4 for preterm and full-term infants, respectively). Flavocoenzyme concentration was higher in the umbilical vein than in the umbilical artery (p < 0.05). This indicated a median uptake of flavocoenzymes of 1.5 nmol/miwkg in preterm infants and 0.4 nmoll miwkg in full-term infants (preterm versus full-term, p < 0.01). Arteriovenous concentration differences in umbilical blood have been reported for a variety of nutrients, e.g. amino acids or glucose (1, 2). In general, concentrations of these nutrients have been found to be more elevated in plasma from the umbilical vein than the umbilical artery. Such differences suggest a fetal uptake of nutrients (Fig. 1); however, they do not allow any quantitative assessment. To be able to quantify fetal uptake, it is not only necessary to determine arteriovenous gradients, but also plasma flow in cord vessels (4). (8,9). In such instances a reduced transplacental transfer is expected to occur (10). The placenta's role is threefold: to sequester free riboflavin and flavocoenzymes, to hydrolyze the majority of the flavocoenzymes to yield free riboflavin, and to release both free riboflavin and its coenzyme forms into fetal circulation (5, 11).The build-up of a riboflavin concentration gradient was also

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…The lower vitamin uptake observed in full-term infants seems to remain without functional consequence. Correspondingly, coenzyme saturation of FAD-dependent enzymes such as glutathione reductase or acyl-CoA dehydrogenase was described to be sufficient for preterm and full-term infants, respectively (6,19,20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrauterine Vitamin B2 Uptake of Preterm and Full-Term Infants

Zempleni¹,

Link

Bitsch³

1995

Pediatr Res

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“…Selenium and riboflavin are cofactors of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, respectively, and their bioavailability could be influenced by the nutrition and therapy of the baby. For example, human milk contains more selenium than preterm formula (35) and phototherapy can decrease plasma riboflavin levels (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of Glutathione during Oxidative Stress in Erythrocytes of the Newborn

et al. 1992

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ABSTRAO. The ability of erythrocytes from newborn babies and adults to maintain reduced glutathione levels during oxidative stress was studied. In vitro incubation of erythrocytes with H202, with or without inactivation of catalase, caused a rapid depletion of reduced glutathione (CSH) and concomitant accumulation of oxidized glutathione followed by recovery of CSH and fall of oxidized glutathione to initial values in all subjects. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the erythrocytes of adult animals can protect other tissues, e.g. lung, against damage induced by reactive oxygen species (1). Erythrocytes can catabolize an H202 load produced by leukocytes (2) and have been shown to protect both cultured pulmonary endothelial cells (3) and the whole lung (4, 5) from oxidative damage. The action of catalase and the glutathione recycling system is believed to be the key factor in this protective mechanism (1).The preterm baby has poorly developed antioxidant enzyme systems in various organs, e.g. lung, and is susceptible to oxygeninduced tissue damage, e.g. bronchopulmonary dysplasia (6, 7). Thus, the ability of the erythrocyte to catabolize H202 may be of particular importance in these patients. The ability of the erythrocyte to handle oxidative stress induced by H202 can be assessed in vitro by serially measuring the initial fall of GSH and the concomitant rise of GSSG and the subsequent recovery of GSH and fall of GSSG to initial values. Glutathione recycling has already been used to assess the antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes of adults (8) and cell cultures (9, 10). We compared glutathione recycling during exposure to H202 in erythrocytes of newborn babies and adults. The erythrocyte activities of enzymes responsible for H202 catabolism, i.e. catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, were also measured. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis study was approved by the Scientific Committee of the Department of Pediatrics and the Ethical Committee of the University Hospital of Leiden.Patients. Umbilical cord blood samples were obtained from eight preterm and nine term infants (gestational age [mean (SD)] 32.9 (2.4) and 40.2 (1.5) wk, respectively) within 15 min after delivery of the placenta. The babies were of normal birth weight (10th-90th percentile) and showed no signs of birth asphyxia (Apgar score 1 min r 9, umbilical vein pH r 7.25), respiratory distress, or infection. Their mothers, healthy Caucasian nonsmokers (3), did not receive vitamin or iron supplements. Venous blood samples were taken from 10 healthy Caucasian volunteers (age [mean (SD)] 24.9 (2.4) y), who were nonsmokers.From an additional group of 10 healthy term infants (gestational age [mean (SD) 40.6 (1.4) wk, other characteristics as above) umbilical cord blood samples were obtained to study in vitro the influence of the hematocrit on glutathione recycling.Procedure. Blood was gently withdrawn ( 1.1 -mm diameter needle) into heparinized tubes and immediately centrifuged (750 x g, 10 min). Plasma and buffy coat were discarded ...

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“…Evidence has accumulated to suggest that a similar PERCENTAGE OF GRADIENT photochemical reaction occurs in jaundiced infants receiving phototherapy (4,12). studies in our laboratory have determined that Sedimentation was from is not dependent on the generation of singlet oxygen (3).…”

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confidence: 93%

Short Communication. Photochemical Reactions of Riboflavin: Covalent Binding to DNA and to Poly (dA) · Poly (dT)

Ennever

Speck

1983

Pediatr Res

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Summaryriboflavin, Sigma Chemical Co. (14); D-[2-14C]-riboflavin, Amersham (15); biochemical grade CsCl (99.9%), Gallard-~chlesin~er Standard phototherapy human in the pres-Chemical Co, (16); toluene, trichloroacetic acid and high purity ence of riboflavin is known to produce single-strand breaks in argon, Fisher Scientific Co, (17), Omnifluor, New England Nuintracellular DNA. A new photochemical reaction is described clear between riboflavin and purified DNA in which an adduct is formed.DNA was dissolved in SSC (0.015 NaC1, 0.0015 Unlike the previously described oxygen-dependent reaction be-sodium citrate) at a concentration of 1 mg/ml and allowed to tween light-activated riboflavin and deoxyguanosine, this new stand for at least 48 at 4 0~ before use in order to assure complete photochemical reaction is oxygen-independent and involves deoxyadenosine or thymidine.dispersion. Poly (dA) .poly (dT) and poly (dG)-poly (dC) were dissolved in 1/10 SSC at a concentration of 85 ua/ml and either used immediately or stored at -20°C. ['*c]-~ibudflavin in 1/10

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Light (phototherapy)-induced riboflavin deficiency in the neonate

Cited by 73 publications

References 13 publications

Intrauterine Vitamin B2 Uptake of Preterm and Full-Term Infants

Intrauterine Vitamin B2 Uptake of Preterm and Full-Term Infants

Recycling of Glutathione during Oxidative Stress in Erythrocytes of the Newborn

Short Communication. Photochemical Reactions of Riboflavin: Covalent Binding to DNA and to Poly (dA) · Poly (dT)

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