Light Flapping Micro Aerial Vehicle Using Electrical-Discharge Wire-Cutting Technique

Yang, Lung‐Jieh; Hsu, Cheng-Kuei; Han, Hsieh-Cheng; Miao, Jr‐Ming

doi:10.2514/1.38862

Cited by 34 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Researchers have developed flapping wing mechanisms which mimic the wing movements of birds [5][6][7][8]. Several flapping wing mechanisms which mimic an insect's wingbeat kinematics have been developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of dragonfly-inspired piezoelectric unimorph actuated flapping and twisting wing

Mukherjee

Ganguli

2012

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials

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The nonlinear equations for coupled elastic flapping-twisting motion of a dragonfly-inspired smart flapping wing are used for a flapping wing actuated from the root by a PZT unimorph in the piezofan configuration. Excitation by the piezoelectric harmonic force generates only the flap bending motion, which, in turn, induces the elastic twist motion due to interaction between flexural and torsional vibration modes. An unsteady aerodynamic model is used to obtain the aerodynamic forces. Numerical simulations are performed using a wing whose size is the same as the dragonfly Sympetrum frequens wing. It is found that the value of average lift reaches its maximum when the smart flapping wing is excited at a frequency closer to the natural frequency in torsion. Moreover, consideration of the elastic twisting of the flapping wing leads to an increase in the lift force. It is also found that the flapping wing generates sufficient lift to support its own weight and carry a small payload. Therefore, the piezoelectrically actuated smart flapping wing based on the geometry of a Sympetrum frequens wing and undergoing flapping-twisting motions can be considered as a potential candidate for use in micro air vehicle applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of dragonfly-inspired piezoelectric unimorph actuated flapping and twisting wing

Mukherjee

Ganguli

2012

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials

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“…The proximal revolute joint was used for flapping and the distal joint was used to generate feathering motion. Yang et al (2009) developed flapping wing micro air vehicles named 'Eagle II' and 'Golden Snitch'. Flapping motion of the wing was generated using the four-bar linkage transmission mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of dragonfly inspired flapping wings actuated by single crystal piezoceramic

Mukherjee¹,

Ganguli²

2012

Smart Structures and Systems

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A dragonfly inspired flapping wing is investigated in this paper. The flapping wing is actuated from the root by a PZT-5H and PZN-7%PT single crystal unimorph in the piezofan configuration. The non-linear governing equations of motion of the smart flapping wing are obtained using the Hamilton's principle. These equations are then discretized using the Galerkin method and solved using the method of multiple scales. Dynamic characteristics of smart flapping wings having the same size as the actual wings of three different dragonfly species Aeshna Multicolor, Anax Parthenope Julius and Sympetrum Frequens are analyzed using numerical simulations. An unsteady aerodynamic model is used to obtain the aerodynamic forces. Finally, a comparative study of performances of three piezoelectrically actuated flapping wings is performed. The numerical results in this paper show that use of PZN-7%PT single crystal piezoceramic can lead to considerable amount of wing weight reduction and increase of lift and thrust force compared to PZT-5H material. It is also shown that dragonfly inspired smart flapping wings actuated by single crystal piezoceramic are a viable contender for insect scale flapping wing micro air vehicles.

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“…The major problem faced with the monoplane flapping mechanism besides lack of sufficient forces for VTOL is the phase lag between the left and right wings during flapping. Phase lag of less than 3°results in an intrinsic level-turning behavior for the flapping MAV in its trajectory and less asymmetric lifts for both the wings [4,[10][11][21][22]. A conventional approach is taken in the design of such mechanisms where the number of linkages is kept at minimum, to reduce the overall weight of the gearbox and to mitigate the loss in the performance due to friction in linkage vertices.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also essential to maximize the flapping angle with almost zero phase lag to achieve maximum lift from a single cycle. Hence, this paper presents the improvement of the authors previous FBL mechanism of "Golden Snitch" [10][11][21][22] with an addition of Watt and Evans straight line mechanisms [62-66] to obtain zero phase lag, to avoid the overturning of the vehicle and also to accomplish higher flapping angle for the enhancement of lift force during a wing beat cycle. Evans and Stephenson (Watt) mechanisms are the category of nongrashof double-rockers that can generate an approximate straight-line motion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Flapping Mechanisms for 20 cm-span Micro Air Vehicles

Yang

Esakki

Chandrasekhar

et al. 2015

International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles

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In the body of research relevant to high-performance flapping micro air vehicles (MAV), development of lightweight , compact and energy-efficient flapping mechanisms occupies a position of primacy due to its direct impact on the flight performance and mission capability. Realization of such versatile flapping mechanism with additional ability of producing thrust levels that fulfill requirements of cruising forward flight and vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) conditions demand extensive design validation and performance evaluation. This paper presents a concerted approach for mechanism development of a 20 cm span flapping MAV through an iterative design process and synergistic fabrication options involving electrical-discharge-wire-cutting (EDWC) and injection molding. Dynamic characterization of each mechanism is done through high speed photography, power takeoff measurement, wind tunnel testing and proof-ofconcept test flights. The research outcome represents best-in-class mechanism for a 20 cm span flapping MAV with desirable performance features of extra-large flapping stroke up to 100°, minimal transverse vibrations and almost no phase lag between the wings.

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Light Flapping Micro Aerial Vehicle Using Electrical-Discharge Wire-Cutting Technique

Cited by 34 publications

References 19 publications

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of dragonfly-inspired piezoelectric unimorph actuated flapping and twisting wing

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of dragonfly-inspired piezoelectric unimorph actuated flapping and twisting wing

A comparative study of dragonfly inspired flapping wings actuated by single crystal piezoceramic

Practical Flapping Mechanisms for 20 cm-span Micro Air Vehicles

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