Light-emitting diodes (LED) for domestic lighting: Any risks for the eye?

Behar‐Cohen, Francine; Martinsons, Christophe; Viénot, Françoise; Zissis, Georges; Barlier-Salsi, Annick; Césarini, Jean-Pierre; Enouf, Olivier; Garcia, M.; Picaud, Serge; Attia, Dina

doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2011.04.002

Cited by 351 publications

(262 citation statements)

References 86 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

238

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Prolonged staring in halogen lamps or in point source white or blue LEDs might lead to photochemical damage, 31 but the chance of a patient entering the clinic with such an anamnesis will probably be extremely low. Patients suffering from diseases affecting the visual cycle, such as Stargardt's dystrophy, Best disease, or Oguchi disease, should require extra care as they might suffer increased susceptibility to light damage, as was found in animal models.…”

Section: Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

Light damage to the retina: an historical approach

Norren

Vos²

2015

Eye

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A brief review of retinal light damage is presented. Thermal damage requires a local rise in temperature of at least 10°C, causing an instant denaturation of proteins. The primary absorber is melanin. Photochemical damage occurs at body temperature and involves cellular damage by reactive forms of oxygen. The photosensitizers are photoproducts of the visual pigments. First indications that non-thermal damage might exist, in particular in the case of eclipse blindness, was presented by Vos in 1962. Attribution thereof to photochemical action was presented in 1966 by Noell et al who also measured the first action spectrum, in rat. It turned out to be identical to the absorption spectrum of rhodopsin. However, in 1976 and 1982 Ham et al found a quite different spectrum in monkeys, peaking at short wavelengths. The latter spectrum, but not the former, was confirmed since in numerous publications with animal models including rat. In ophthalmological practice a 'sunburn' was at first the only complaint caused by light damage. To avoid this, patients with dilated pupils should always be advised to wear sunglasses. Since the invention of the laser accidents have been reported, the most recent development is youth playfully pointing a strong laser pen in their eyes with marked consequences. The operation microscope and endoilluminators should always be used as brief as possible to avoid photochemical damage. Arguments for implant lenses that block not only the UV but also part of the visible spectrum seem too weak to justify extra costs.

show abstract

Section: Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

Light damage to the retina: an historical approach

Norren

Vos²

2015

Eye

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Unlike CFLs, they can be dimmed or tuned and render colours well. But LEDs have downsides 7 . Some contain heavy metals such as nickel, lead and copper, and poisons such as arsenic.…”

Section: Make Lighting Healthiermentioning

confidence: 99%

Make lighting healthier

Zielińska-Dabkowska

2018

Nature

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…This forces them to direct their gaze towards a small and bright spot in a potentially uncomfortable space of their visual field. This strains the eyes and may cause asthenopia (an ophthalmological condition characterized by nonspecific symptoms such as fatigue, pain in or around the eyes) (Behar-Cohen et al 2011;Pan et al 2012). …”

Section: H Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%