Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers

Burroughes, J. H.; Bradley, Donal D. C.; Brown, Adam R.; Marks, R. N.; Mackay, K.; Friend, Richard H.; Burn, Paul L.; Holmes, Andrew B.

doi:10.1038/347539a0

Cited by 11,180 publications

(6,454 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This system contains 2510 atoms alltogether. The initial size of the box for MD simulation was 74 Å, while the final size was 29.286 Å, which corresponds to the experimental density of 1.1 g/cm 3 . [33][34][35][36] At the beginning of the simulation, all main chains were in all trans configuration with hexyl side chains distributed in the head-to-tail (Scheme 1b) arrangement.…”

Section: P3htmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial size of the box in MD simulation was 60 Åwhich was decreased during the simulation down to 21.365 Å, corresponding to PT density of 1.4 g/cm 3 . 18 The electronic density of states of this system is presented in Figure 7b Figure 9a), the LUMO orbital is significantly different than the first of the conduction band wavefunctions of PT localized on the same chain (shown in light blue in Figure 9b).…”

Section: Polythiophenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These features have led to their applications in electrical and optical devices such as light-emitting diodes, 3,4 solar cells, 5,6 and field-effect transistors. 7 It is currently understood that thin films of these polymers contain both ordered (crystalline) and disordered (amorphous) regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electronic Structure of Disordered Conjugated Polymers: Polythiophenes

2008

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Electronic structure of disordered semiconducting conjugated polymers was studied. Atomic structure was found from a classical molecular dynamics simulation and the charge patching method was used to calculate the electronic structure with the accuracy similar to the one of density functional theory in local density approximation. The total density of states, the local density of states at different points in the system and the wavefunctions of several states around the gap were calculated in the case of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and polythiophene (PT) systems to gain insight into the origin of disorder in the system, the degree of carrier localization and the role of chain interactions. The results indicated that disorder in the electronic structure of alkyl substituted polythiophenes comes from disorder in the conformation of individual chains, while in the case of polythiophene there is an additional contribution due to disorder in the electronic coupling between the chains. Each of the first several wavefunctions in the conduction and valence band of P3HT is localized over several rings of a single chain.It was shown that the localization can be caused in principle both by ring torsions and chain bending, however the effect of ring torsions is much stronger. PT wavefunctions are more complicated due to larger interchain electronic coupling and are not necessarily localized on a single chain.

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Section: P3htmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polythiophenementioning

confidence: 99%

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Electronic Structure of Disordered Conjugated Polymers: Polythiophenes

2008

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“…The chloroform-soluble portion was filtered through a 0.45 μm PTFE syringe filter, then dried in vacuo to afford a yellow solid (M n = 35 kDa, PDI = 2.85). 1 Thermally degraded syn-PPE: Heated syn-PPE (4.7 mg) in a TGA Q50 (TA Instruments) at a temperature ramp rate of 5 °C/min from room temperature to 250 °C, under a helium flow rate of 90 mL/min. After cooling to room temperature, the degraded polymer was transferred to a vial, and chloroform was added.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chloroform-soluble portion was filtered through a 0.45 μm PTFE syringe filter, then dried in vacuo to afford a yellow solid (M n = 20 kDa, PDI = 2.04). 1 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Luminescence from Emissive Defects in Aggregated Conjugated Polymers

2007

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Degradation experiments and model studies suggested that the longer lived green fluorescence from an aggregated poly(p-phenylene ethynylene) (PPE) was due to the presence of highly emissive, lowenergy, anthryl defect sites rather than the emissive conjugated polymer excimers proposed in a previous report. After elucidating the origin of the green fluorescence, additional anthryl units were purposely incorporated into the polymer to enhance the blue-to-green fluorescence color change that accompanied polymer aggregation. The improved color contrast from this anthryl-doped conjugated polymer led to the development of crude solution-state and solid-state sensors, which, upon exposure to water, exhibited a visually noticeable blue-to-green fluorescence color change.

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Buried interfaces: interfacial interactions in materials for polymer-LED applications

Andersson

Kugler

Lögdlund

et al. 1999

Surf. Interface Anal.

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Chemical interactions at the interface between a precursor polymer for poly(p‐phenylenevinylene), namely poly(p‐xylylene‐α‐tetrahydrothiophene chloride), and an indium–tin–oxide (ITO) transparent electrode, have been studied through polymer films of > 10 nm thick using x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The HCl released in the conversion process interacts with the surface of the ITO substrate at the polymer/substrate interface, leading to the formation of indium chloride, which then diffuses into the polymer. It appears that ITO, or possibly the indium chloride generated at the interface, acts as a catalyst for the thermal elimination reaction. The results show unequivocally that interfacial interactions are of major importance in understanding, and ultimately improving, the performance of polymer‐based electroluminescent devices, and that interfaces buried under > 10 nm of polymer may be studied. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers

Cited by 11,180 publications

References 10 publications

Electronic Structure of Disordered Conjugated Polymers: Polythiophenes

Electronic Structure of Disordered Conjugated Polymers: Polythiophenes

Enhanced Luminescence from Emissive Defects in Aggregated Conjugated Polymers

Buried interfaces: interfacial interactions in materials for polymer-LED applications

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