Light-emitting diodes and their potential in callus growth, plantlet development and saponin accumulation during somatic embryogenesis ofPanax vietnamensisHaetGrushv.

Abstract

In recent years, LED (light-emitting diode) has been the subject of research within the field of plant growth and development. However, there has been little discussion about using LED in vitro cultures of Panax vietnamensis, one of the important medicinal plants belonging to the Panax genus. This study examines the influence of various LED lamps on callus growth and plant formation of P. vietnamensis. Results show significant differences in growth and development, as various light conditions were suitable for different stages. Callus of 70 mg in fresh weight cultured under yellow LEDs resulted in growth of 1197 mg in fresh weight and 91.7 mg of dry weight, within a period of three months. The most effective plant formation was obtained when embryogenic calli were cultured under the combination of 60% red LED and 40% blue LED with an average of 11.21 plantlets per explant; the shoot clump fresh weight and dry weight were of 1147 and 127 mg, respectively, and the average plant height was 3.1 cm. It was also shown that this light condition was the most efficient for P. vietnamensis in vitro plant growth and development. This study provided additional evidence regarding the influence of different LEDs on ginsenoside production applying high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with photo-diode array (PDA) detection at ultraviolet (UV) wavelength 203 nm. The highest MR2 content was recorded when plants maintained under 20% red LED combined with 80% blue LED. However, the highest Rg1 and Rb1 content was found under fluorescent light. The results presented might provide new strategies using LEDs for adequate micropropagation protocols of P. vietnamensis.

Application of wide-spectrum light-emitting diodes in micropropagation of popular ornamental plant species: a study on plant quality and cost reduction

“…Werbrouck et al (2012) observed that blue LED light stimulated callus formation in F. benjamina 'Exotic.' On the other hand, Nhut et al (2015) reported that yellow LED light with the wavelength of 570-590 nm promoted callus development in Panax vietnamensis. However, red, blue, and mixtures of red:blue LED light inhibited callus proliferation.…”

“…On the other hand, novel transgenic or micropropagation methods, such as somatic embryogenesis, may require callus proliferation at a certain stage. Therefore, various factors (including light quality) that enhance callus regeneration were studied (Nhut et al 2015). Werbrouck et al (2012) observed that blue LED light stimulated callus formation in F. benjamina 'Exotic.'…”

Effects of Light-Emitting Diodes on the Accumulation of Glucosinolates and Phenolic Compounds in Sprouting Canola (Brassica napus L.)

“…Kitawase) and tartary buckwheat (cv. Hokkai T8) exposed to blue, red, and blue + red LEDs [54], whereas fluorescent lights have been reported to increase the levels of ginsenoside-Rg1 and ginsenoside-Rb1 in Panax vietnamensis plantlets relative to irradiation with diverse types of LEDs [55]. In contrast, compared with light exposure, dark conditions have been found to decrease glucosinolate biosynthesis in Chinese cabbage seedlings [56].…”

Effect of different quality of light on growth and production of secondary metabolites in adventitious root cultivation of Hypericum perforatum

“…11 Ginseng produces more ginsenosides Rg1 and Rg2 under the influence of fluorescent light. 12 Several studies showed that blue and red light efficiently enhance phenolic compounds. 13−17 Blue light also resulted in elevated levels of total phenols, alphatocopherol, and beta-amyrin in ginseng.…”