Light and scanning electron microscopic investigations of pollen of Ericales (Ericaceae, Sapotaceae, Ebenaceae, Styracaceae and Theaceae) from five lower and mid-Eocene localities

Hofmann, Christa-Ch.

doi:10.1093/botlinnean/boy035

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Rhododendron, comprising 8 subgenera, 15 sections, 71 subsections, and more than 1000 species, is the largest genus of woody plants in the Northern Hemisphere and an important component of montane ecosystems 12 , with a high species diversity in eastern Asia, the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains, and Southeast Asia. Most extant species of Rhododendron very likely originated from rediversi cation given the fossil record of this genus from the Eocene to Miocene sediments in circumboreal areas [13][14][15] . This genus includes both deciduous and evergreen species, which show diverse life-forms, including small creepers of several centimeters high, shrubs, trees up to 30 meters high, and some epiphytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal evolution of the global species diversity of Rhododendron

Xia

Yang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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How large cosmopolitan plant genera survived great environmental changes and rediversified remains largely unknown. Here we investigated mechanisms underlying the rediversification of Rhododendron, the largest genus of woody plants in the Northern Hemisphere. Using 3437 orthologous nuclear genes, we reconstructed the first completely resolved and dated phylogeny of Rhododendron. We found that most extant species of Rhododendron originated by Neogene rediversification from Paleogene relicts during southern migration. The geographically uneven rediversification of Rhododendron led to a much higher diversity in Asia than in other continents, which was driven by two main environmental variables, i.e., habitat heterogeneity represented by elevation range and annual precipitation related to the Asian monsoons, and can be explained by leaf functional traits that show strong phylogenetic signals and correspond well with leaf-forms and geographical regions. Our study highlights the importance of integrating phylogenomic and ecological analyses in revealing the spatiotemporal evolution of species-rich cosmopolitan plant genera.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal evolution of the global species diversity of Rhododendron

Xia

Yang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…We suggest that the Schaßbach Erica sp. 1, plus similar Erica pollen records from the middle Miocene in western Anatolia (Bouchal et al 2016), lower Eocene Erica-type pollen from the Cobham lignite, England (Hofmann 2018), and fossil diaspores of Erica palaeoarborea Van der Burgh from upper Miocene strata of Germany (Van der Burgh 1987) are from the same stock as the ancestor lineage for the African Erica taxa and support the hypothesis of McGuire and Kron (2005) and Pirie et al (2016) that migration and radiation through Africa to South Africa could have taken place since the middle Miocene (around 15 Ma). More information on Eocene Erica and Ericaceae pollen are given in Hofmann (2018).…”

Section: Ericalesmentioning

confidence: 69%

First palynological results of accessorial elements from the Langhian Schaßbach clay pit, Lavanttal Basin (Austria) – LM and SEM investigations of Cornales and Ericales

Hofmann

Lichtenwagner

2019

Grana

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Preliminary results of the palynoflora from the Schaßbach clay pit comprise accessorial floral elements of three Cornales and five Ericales pollen taxa that have modern living equivalents from different continents. The eight taxa are relatively rare in the palynological assemblages and are affiliated with the genera Nyssa, Mastixia, Erica, Vitellariopsis, Rehderodendron and Polyspora. Nyssa sp. resembles closely the deciduous Nyssa sylvatica of temperate America, the two Erica spp. resemble the south European tree heathers Erica arborea and Erica lusitanica, and Vitellariopsis sp. looks like evergreen Vitellariopsis marginata from subtropical southern Africa. The living equivalents of Mastixia spp., Rehderodendron sp. and Polyspora sp. are evergreen taxa from subtropical and tropical Asia.

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“…from early to middle Miocene coal seams in Lusatia, Germany (Litke 1966;Mai 1995). The hitherto oldest known record of Kalmia-type pollen tetrads was described from the Eocene of the Borken coalfield in Hesse, Germany (Hofmann 2018). From this locality, this pollen type had previously been identified as ?Ericipites callidus based only on LM (Hottenrott et al 2010), whereas a combined LM and SEM study revealed close similarities to pollen tetrads of modern Kalmia (Hofmann and Gregor 2018;Hofmann 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Remarks: The morphological details of the retrieved pollen that can be observed with LM and SEM are very similar to the pollen of several modern species of the Ericacean genus Kalmia L., especially K. angustifolia L. and K. polifolia Wangenh. (Sarwar and Takahashi 2012), as well as to fossil pollen tetrads from the Eocene of the Borken coal field in Germany described as Kalmia-type by Hofmann and Gregor (2018) as well as Hofmann (2018). Although a tectate margo has not been described or illustrated in these studies, it is known from pollen of modern Kalmia procumbens (L.) Gift, Kron and P.F.…”

Section: Systematic Palaeobotanymentioning

confidence: 86%

Menatanthus mosbruggeri gen. nov. et sp. nov. – A flower with in situ pollen tetrads from the Paleocene maar lake of Menat (Puy-de-Dôme, France)

Uhl

Paudayal

Hervet³

et al. 2020

Palaeobio Palaeoenv

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The Paleocene Fossil-Lagerstätte Menat in France is well known for its wealth of outstandingly well preserved fossil insects and plants. Despite being known for more than a century, the palaeoflora, which is regarded as typical for the late Thanetian by some authors, has largely been neglected since the 1940s. New excavations and surveys yielded exceptionally well-preserved plant material, including a minute, heptamerous flower bearing in situ pollen tetrads, comparable to tetrads of the modern ericacean genus Kalmia L, in its anthers. The only known modern ericacean genus which is characterised by heptamerous flowers is Bejaria Mutis ex L., a basal relative of the tribe Phyllodoceae within Ericaceae, which also includes the genus Kalmia in a relatively basal position. However, heptamerous flowers also occur very rarely (mostly interpreted as teratologies) in a number of other modern Ericaceae, but also in various other modern angiosperm families. Due to the unique combination of a heptamerous flower with Kalmia-type pollen tetrads within the anthers, the new taxon Menatanthus mosbruggeri gen. nov. et sp. nov. is erected. The lack of morphological data from the flower itself and the fact that comparable pollen tetrads can be produced by a number of modern families, however, prevent an assignment of the new taxon to any known angiosperm family.

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Light and scanning electron microscopic investigations of pollen of Ericales (Ericaceae, Sapotaceae, Ebenaceae, Styracaceae and Theaceae) from five lower and mid-Eocene localities

Cited by 19 publications

References 81 publications

Spatiotemporal evolution of the global species diversity of Rhododendron

Spatiotemporal evolution of the global species diversity of Rhododendron

First palynological results of accessorial elements from the Langhian Schaßbach clay pit, Lavanttal Basin (Austria) – LM and SEM investigations of Cornales and Ericales

Menatanthus mosbruggeri gen. nov. et sp. nov. – A flower with in situ pollen tetrads from the Paleocene maar lake of Menat (Puy-de-Dôme, France)

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