Light affects in vitro organogenesis of Linum usitatissimum L. and its cyanogenic potential

Abstract

The relationships between organogenesis of oil flax (Linum usitatissimum L., cv. ‘Szafir’) in vitro, cyanogenic potential (HCN-p) of these tissues and light were investigated. Shoot multiplication obtained on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 0.05 mg L−1 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid and 1 mg L−1 6-benzyladenine (BA), was about twice higher in light-grown cultures than those in darkness. Light-grown explants showed also higher rate of roots regeneration (in medium containing 1 mg L−1 α-naphtaleneacetic acid and 0.05 mg L-1 BA) than dark-grown ones. The cyanogenic potential (expressed both as linamarin and lotaustralin content and linamarase activity) of flax cultured in vitro was tissue-specific and generally was higher under light conditions than in darkness. The highest concentration of linamarin and lotaustralin was detected in light-regenerated shoots, and its amount was twice as high as in roots, and about threefold higher than in callus tissue. The activities of linamarase and β-cyanoalanine synthase in light-regenerated organs were also higher than those in darkness. Thus, higher frequency of regeneration of light-grown cultures than dark-grown ones seems to be correlated with higher HCN-p of these tissues. We suggest that free HCN, released from cyanoglucosides potentially at higher level under light conditions, may be involved in some organogenetic processes which improve regeneration efficiency.

The β‐cyanoalanine synthase pathway: beyond cyanide detoxification

“…Cyanogenic glycosides are water-soluble β-hydroxynitriles (cyanohydrins) and β-glycosides found in more than 3000 taxa across the families Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Linaceae, Compositae and others (Koukol et al 1962). (Siegień et al 2013;Gleadow & Møller 2014). A principle biological role for cyanogenic glycosides is as a deterrent to herbivory (Bennet & Wallsgrove 1994).…”

“…; Gleadow & Møller ), biotic factors such as fungal infection (Ballhorn ) and abiotic factors such as light, temperature, nutritional status and drought (Siegień et al . ; Gleadow & Møller ). A principle biological role for cyanogenic glycosides is as a deterrent to herbivory (Bennet & Wallsgrove ).…”

Screening of Five and Six-Membered Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Compounds as New Effective Stimulants of Linum Usitatissimum L. Organogenesis in Vitro

“…It was shown that light green compact calli and shoot proliferation were obtained from hypocotyl explants on medium MS-BN containing 1 mg/l BAP and 0.05 mg/l NAA. Similar studies were conducted in the works [55,66,[74][75][76][77][78]. The inducing effect of various concentrations of growth regulators NAA, BAP, TDZ and 2iP added into basal MS medium on the formation of callus, shoot and root from hypocotyl explants of Linum usitatissimum L. was studied [55].…”

“…In the work [75] the most effective shoot multiplication (that was about twice higher in the light-grown cultures than those in the darkness) from hypocotyl explants of oil flax (Linum usitatissimum L., cv. 'Szafir') was obtained on MS medium containing 0.05 mg/l 2,4-D and 1 mg/l BA.…”

“…Data of our previous researches and numerous data of other authors witness that regeneration ability of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is under the influence of various types of growth regulators and their different concentrations in the culture media as well as origin of the plant explants [55,[62][63][64][65][66][75][76][77][78].…”