Light‐Addressable Potentiometric Sensor with Nitrogen‐Incorporated Ceramic Sm₂O₃ Membrane for Chloride Ions Detection

Abstract

A light‐addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) with ceramic samarium oxide (Sm2O3)‐sensing membrane treated by nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) has been proposed for chloride ion detection. For the pure Sm2O3‐LAPS, a potassium ion sensitivity of 39.21 mV/pK is obtained. With the nitrogen PIII treatment on Sm2O3‐sensing membrane, the N–O peak is observed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, implying the formation of positive charges, (N‐O)+ and (N‐O‐N)+, within the Sm2O3 film. The positive charges can attract the chloride ions to react with the surface sites of OH2+, achieving a superior chloride ion sensitivity of 36.17 mV/pCl for the Sm2O3‐LAPS with nitrogen PIII treatment. The LAPS structure with ceramic Sm2O3‐sensing membrane can be used for future biosensing applications, especially for the potassium and chloride ions detection in serum.

Recent Progress of Rare Earth Oxides for Sensor, Detector, and Electronic Device Applications: A Review

“…Basically, this suggests its potential use for developing future biosensing devices . Such ion sensing is not limited to EIS sensors, but similar biosensing membranes based on Sm 2 O 3 which functions based on potentiometric principle have been developed with excellent results for chloride ions, further substantiating prospects . As serving multiple purposes is often a driving motivation for futuristic implementation of biosensors, hybrid sensors capable of sensing both cations and anions are strong candidates on this front.…”

“…REOs, in the form of sesquioxides (R 2 O 3 , R = rare earth elements), have recently received substantial attention in modern technologies because of their diversified physical and chemical properties. Their use has shown success in myriad sectors including highly efficient sensors, , detectors, − and electronic devices. − Many commercial prospects are in close connection with R 2 O 3 -doped nanocompounds as a potential alternative to the conventional manufacturing of these high-tech appliances . However, it is difficult to select a particular REO because of its varying chemical composition and complex morphology. − The manufacturing costs and efficient splitting of REOs are of critical concern for researchers and industrialists as well.…”

Optical Investigations of N2 Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jets

“…Production of anti-microbial low density polyethylene films and hydrophilic polymer structures [13], processing of hydroxyl cellulose films [14], GaN nanostructures containing nano-wire and nano-particles [15], nitrogen oxide processing [16], production of high activity plasma welding for the storage of silicon nitride films [17], modification of amorphous SiO2 nanoparticles [18], single crystal production [19], modification of stainless steel surfaces (ion implantation) [20], treatment of indium tin oxide (ITO) films [21], graphene and graphite structures [22], surface modification of polyacrylonitrile copolymer structures [23], diamond building carbon (DLC) production [24], annealing Ta2O5 films [25] are examples of applications of material processing of cold plasma produced with low pressure nitrogen gas/gas mixtures.…”