Ligandless Suzuki–Miyaura reaction in neat water with or without native β-cyclodextrin as additive

Pd(II)-β-cyclodextrin complex: Synthesis, characterization and efficient nanocatalyst for the selective Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction in water

“…The hetero-coupling of aryl boronic acids with various aryl bromides also gave corresponding unsymmetrical biaryls in good to excellent yields (entries [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. For the coupling reaction of 1-bromo naphthalene with phenylboronic acid, the catalytic activity of Pd(II)-β-CD complex at 0.001 mol% loading was not satifactory and only 6% of coupling product was obtained by increasing the amount of catalyst to 0.01 mol% (entry 27).…”

“…al. for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction [24]. Although the use of β-CD and functionalized β-CD as a ligand in the presence of Pd(II) was previously described in Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction, catalyst recycling was not possible and high catalyst loading was used under reaction condition [25].…”

‘On-water’ organic synthesis: a green, highly efficient, low cost and reusable catalyst system for biaryl synthesis under aerobic conditions at room temperature

“…and the results are presented in Table 2. As shown in Table 2, the Suzuki reactions of aryl bromides with phenylboronic acid proceeded very smoothly under aerobic 70 conditions in H 2 O at room temperature to afford the corresponding coupled products in high yields. A wide range of electronically and structurally diverse aryl halides (including the deactivated aryl halides), were readily converted to the corresponding coupled products with different substituted aryl 75 boronic acids under this green reaction condition.…”

“…In addition, there are just few reported catalytic systems for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of highly challenging hateroaryl halides with arylboronic acids in aqueous media. 17 Therefore, the development of Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling 70 reaction of aryl/heteroaryl halides with arylboronic acids in water using very cheap and abundant water soluble ligand is very much attractive. Similarly, the design of efficient catalysts producing high yields under aerobic conditions continues to be an important challenge.…”

Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling in Continuous Flow

“…In the context of green chemistry, catalysis and alternative media, different cross-coupling reactions such as Suzuki-Miyaura in batch reactors have been developed in aqueous media or in water as sole green safer solvent via conventional heating or microwave irradiation [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Continuous flow chemistry as alternative technology offers significant processing advantages including improved thermal management, mixing control, application to a wider range of reaction conditions, scalability, energy efficiency, waste reduction, safety, use of heterogeneous catalysis, multistep synthesis and much more [44][45][46][47][48][49].…”