Ligand-free solid supported palladium(0) nano/microparticles promoted C–O, C–S, and C–N cross coupling reaction

A Facile and Efficient Synthesis of Diaryl Amines or Ethers under Microwave Irradiation at Presence of KF/Al2O3 without Solvent and Their Anti-Fungal Biological Activities against Six Phytopathogens

“…[44], 71 °C). 1 H-NMR: 6.92 (dd, 2H, J = 2.1, J = 6.8), 7.04 (dd, 1H, J = 1.0, J = 8.4), 7.25 (t, 1H, J = 7.6), 7.48 (dd, 2H, J = 2.1, J = 6.8), 7.54 (t, 1H, J = 8.0), 7.96 (dd, 1H, J = 1.6, J = 8.2).…”

Deep Eutectic Solvent: An Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for Synthesis of Thioethers.

“…The general strategies which focus towards formation of C−S bond involves coupling of thiolates with aryl halides using polar and toxic HMPA solvent, aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions (S N Ar), reduction of aryl sulfones and sulfoxides using strong reducing agents like LiAlH 4 and transition metal catalyzed C−S coupling reactions . Recent literature reports illustrated in Table reveal activated aryl halides subjected to metal‐catalyzed S‐ arylation reactions . Das and coworkers have reported solid supported palladium catalyzed C−S cross coupling reactions of activated aryl chlorides.…”

“…Recent literature reports illustrated in Table reveal activated aryl halides subjected to metal‐catalyzed S‐ arylation reactions . Das and coworkers have reported solid supported palladium catalyzed C−S cross coupling reactions of activated aryl chlorides. There has been an increasing demand in developing sustainable and economical metal free strategy which facilitates thioether formation under mild conditions.Recently, Dominguez and cowokers have described C−S bond formation with activated aryl chlorides in the presence of copper catalyst and water as green media.Li et al ., have successfully employed cuprous bromide as catalyst and quinolone based ligand for S ‐arylation of thiols with non‐activated and activated aryl halides.…”

“…These aforementioned limitations of metal catalysts encourages us to develop environmentally benign S N Ar method for synthesis of thioethers. The mild and metal free conditions of S N Ar reactions make them more desirable in comparison to metal catalyzed reactions.Nevertheless, these reactions suffer from major restriction involving utilization of various aprotic solvents ,. In this regard of increasing environmental consciousness, deep eutectic solvents (DES) has gained significant interest as benign reaction media in various organic reactions .…”

Heterogeneous Pd catalysts supported on silica matrices

“…The article is organised with respect to the reactions in which the catalyst were employed so as to allow for a comparison of different approaches towards the design of catalysts for a particular type of organic transformation, covering the literature 7 up to 2014. Although many examples of C-N, C-O and C-S coupling reactions catalysed by Pd anchored to solid supports have been reported, [80][81][82][83] the C-C couplings still remain the main topic of interest at the moment. Hence, the main part of this review is devoted to C-C bond forming reactions though various C-X (X = O, N, S) couplings are also mentioned as they result in the formation of valuable functional molecules such as amides, esters, heterocyclic compounds, etc.…”