LiFePO4 with enhanced performance synthesized by a novel synthetic route

Zheng, Junchao; Li, Xinhai; Wang, Zhixing; Guo, Huajun; Zhou, Shaoyun

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.01.016

Cited by 80 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Nanostructured LiFePO 4 also possesses increased surface area-to-volume ratios as compared with their bulk analogues, which facilitates electrochemical performance by increasing the interface region between the metal oxide and the electrolyte [4,6,7]. As such, there have been extensive reports regarding the preparation and characterization of LiFePO 4 nanostructures [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. In particular, one-dimensional (1-D) nanomaterials, such as nanowires (NWs), nanotubes, nanorods, and nanoribbons, are expected to play a significant role in advancing the inherent LiFePO 4 battery performance, due to their uniquely advantageous structural and electronic properties [3,4,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical activity of LiFePO4 nanomaterials derived from iron phosphate intermediates

et al. 2015

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LiFePO 4 materials have become increasingly popular as a cathode material due to the many benefits they possess including thermal stability, durability, low cost, and long life span. Nevertheless, to broaden the general appeal of this material for practical electrochemical applications, it would be useful to develop a relatively mild, reasonably simple synthesis method of this cathode material. Herein, we describe a generalizable, 2-step methodology of sustainably synthesizing LiFePO 4 by incorporating a template-based, ambient, surfactantless, seedless, U-tube protocol in order to generate size and morphologically tailored, crystalline, phase-pure nanowires. The purity, composition, crystallinity, and intrinsic quality of these wires were systematically assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX), and high-resolution synchrotron XRD. From these techniques, we were able to determine that there is an absence of any obvious defects present in our wires, supporting the viability of our synthetic approach. Electrochemical analysis was also employed to assess their electrochemical activity. Although our nanowires do not contain any noticeable impurities, we attribute their less than optimal electrochemical rigor to differences in the chemical bonding between our LiFePO 4 nanowires and their bulk-like counterparts. Specifically, we demonstrate for the first time experimentally that the Fe-O3 chemical bond plays an important role in determining the overall conductivity of the material, an assertion which is further supported by recent "first-principles" calculations. Nonetheless, our ambient, solution-based synthesis technique is capable of generating highly crystalline and phase-pure energy-storage-relevant nanowires that can be tailored so as to fabricate different sized materials of reproducible, reliable morphology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical activity of LiFePO4 nanomaterials derived from iron phosphate intermediates

et al. 2015

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“…However, the low electronic and ion conductivities of pristine LiFePO 4 result in poor electrochemical performance especially under moderate and high rates, which poses a great challenge for its practical applications such as electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles [2]. So, numerous methods, mainly including carbon coating [3][4][5], particle size reduction [6,7], and heteroatom doping [2,[8][9][10][11], have been developed to overcome these drawbacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/C doped with F synthesized by carbothermal reduction method using NH4F as dopant

Pan

Lin²,

Zhou

2011

J Solid State Electrochem

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The effect of fluorine doping on the electrochemical performance of LiFePO 4 /C cathode material is investigated. The stoichiometric proportion of LiFe(PO 4 ) 1 −x F 3x /C (x=0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) materials was synthesized by a solid-state carbothermal reduction route at 650°C using NH 4 F as dopant. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses demonstrate that fluorine can be incorporated into LiFePO 4 /C without altering the olivine structure, but slightly changing the lattice parameters and having little effect on the particle sizes. However, heavy fluorine doping can bring in impurities. Fluorine doping in LiFePO 4 /C results in good reversible capacity and rate capability. LiFe(PO 4 ) 0.95 F 0.15 /C exhibits highest initial capacity and best rate performance. Its discharge capacities at 0.1 and 5 C rates are 156.1 and 119.1 mAh g −1 , respectively. LiFe(PO 4 ) 0.95 F 0.15 /C also presents an obviously better cycle life than the other samples. We attribute the improvement of the electrochemical performance to the smaller charge transfer resistance (R ct ) and influence of fluorine on the PO 4 3− polyanion in LiFePO 4 /C.

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“…Although a variety of methods have been used to prepare LiFePO 4 /C, such as solid-state reaction [12,13], mechanical alloying [14,15], carbothermal reduction method [16], microwave heating [17], the polyol process [18], the emulsion-drying method [19,20], freezedrying [21], the hydrothermal process [22,23], sol-gel [24], and co-precipitation [25,26], etc., the aforementioned soft chemistry routes provide the advantage of optimum particle sizes as well as phase purity. Among these soft routes, the co-precipitation method for synthesizing LiFePO 4 has some advantages such as a simple synthesis process and low energy consumption, which can also allow for the mixing of starting ingredients at the atomic level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced electrochemical performance of nano-sized LiFePO4/C synthesized by an ultrasonic-assisted co-precipitation method

Liu

Cao

2010

Electrochimica Acta

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LiFePO4 with enhanced performance synthesized by a novel synthetic route

Cited by 80 publications

References 15 publications

Ambient synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical activity of LiFePO4 nanomaterials derived from iron phosphate intermediates

Ambient synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical activity of LiFePO4 nanomaterials derived from iron phosphate intermediates

Electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/C doped with F synthesized by carbothermal reduction method using NH4F as dopant

Enhanced electrochemical performance of nano-sized LiFePO4/C synthesized by an ultrasonic-assisted co-precipitation method

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