Owing to the four features summarized in this review, i.e., low-cost resource, high-power performance, all-climate adaptability and full-batty recyclability, sodium ion batteries show great promise for large-scale energy storage systems used for the application of renewable energy sources and smart grids.

storage and engineering heterogeneous structure for lithium transfer are the key for improving the energy density and rate performance of LIBs. [4][5][6][7][8] Silicon (Si), a naturally abundant material with outstanding theoretical capacity (4200 mAh g −1 ), has attracted extensive attention as an alternative promising anode for high-energydensity LIBs, which is ten times larger than the conventional graphite anode (372 mAh g −1 ). [9][10][11][12] However, Si inherently has large volume change that seriously undermines electrode integrity and solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film formed on the Si surface. Repairing and growth of the SEI film leads to reduced amount of available Liions, corresponding to the capacity decline of LIBs. [13][14][15] Generally, engineering Si materials is widely adopted to relieve the influence of large volume change and enhance lithium diffusion within the electrode. [16][17][18] However, high cost is barely accepted into the industry due to complex preparation process. Furthermore, most methods are not based on the mass-loading-oriented strategy for high-energy-density LIBs. [19] Binder is the key component in the electrode to bond active material and conductive additive together on current collector and keep electrode integrity during charge/discharge processes. [20][21][22] Recently, the functions of the binders, such as N-P-LiPN) is constructed by the partially lithiated hard polyacrylic acid as a framework and partially lithiated soft Nafion as a buffer via the hydrogen binding effect. N-P-LiPN has strong adhesion and mechanical properties to accommodate huge volume change of the Si anode. In addition, lithiumions are transferred via the lithiated groups of N-P-LiPN, which significantly enhances the ionic conductivity of the Si anode. Hence, the Si@N-P-LiPN electrodes achieve the highest initial Coulombic efficiency of 93.18% and a stable cycling performance for 500 cycles at 0.2 C. Specially, Si@N-P-LiPN electrodes demonstrate an ultrahigh-areal-capacity of 49.59 mAh cm −2 . This work offers a new approach for inspiring the battery community to explore novel binders for next-generation high-energy-density storage devices. High-capacity electrode materials play a vital role for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. Silicon (Si) has been regarded as a promising anode material because of its outstanding theoretical capacity, but it suffers from an inherent volume expansion problem. Binders have demonstrated improvements in the electrochemical performance of Si anodes. Achieving ultrahigh-areal-capacity Si anodes with rational binder strategies remains a significant challenge. Herein, a binder-lithiated strategy is proposed for ultrahigh-areal-capacity Si anodes. A hard/soft modulated trifunctional network binder (

The Notch pathway regulates the development of many tissues and cell types and is involved in a variety of human diseases, making it an attractive potential therapeutic target. This promise has been limited by the absence of potent inhibitors or agonists that are specific for individual human Notch receptors (NOTCH1-4). Using an unbiased functional screening, we identified monoclonal antibodies that specifically inhibit or induce activating proteolytic cleavages in NOTCH3. Remarkably, the most potent inhibitory and activating antibodies bind to overlapping epitopes within a juxtamembrane negative regulatory region that protects NOTCH3 from proteolysis and activation in its resting autoinhibited state. The inhibitory antibodies revert phenotypes conveyed on 293T cells by NOTCH3 signaling, such as increased cellular proliferation, survival, and motility, whereas the activating antibody mimics some of the effects of ligand-induced Notch activation. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms of Notch autoinhibition and activation and pave the way for the further development of specific antibody-based modulators of the Notch receptors, which are likely to be of utility in a wide range of experimental and therapeutic settings.

Pseudocapacitance is a Faradaic process that involves surface or near surface redox reactions. Increasing the pseudocapacitive contribution is one of the most effective means to improve the rate performance of electrode materials. In this study, graphene oxide is used as a template to in situ synthesize burr globule‐like FeSe2/graphene hybrid (B‐FeSe2/G) using a facile one‐step hydrothermal method. Structural characterization demonstrates that graphene layers not only wrap the surfaces of FeSe2 particles, but also stretch into the interior of these particles, as a result of which the unique nano‐microsphere structure is successfully established. When serving as anode material for Na‐ion batteries, B‐FeSe2/G hybrid displays high electrochemical performance in the voltage range of 0.5–2.9 V. The B‐FeSe2/G hybrid has high reversible capacity of 521.6 mAh·g−1 at 1.0 A g−1. Meanwhile, after 400 cycles, high discharge capacity of 496.3 mAh g−1 is obtained at a rate of 2.5 A g−1, with a high columbic efficiency of 96.6% and less than 1.0% loss of discharge capacity. Even at the ultrahigh rate of 10 A g−1, a specific capacity of 316.8 mAh g−1 can be achieved. Kinetic analyses reveal that the excellent performance of the B‐FeSe2/G hybrid is largely attributed to the high pseudocapacitive contribution induced by the special nano‐micro structure.

No abstract