Life-Years Gained From Modern Cardiological Treatments and Population Risk Factor Changes in England and Wales, 1981–2000

Ünal, Belgin; Critchley, Julia; Fidan, Dogan; Capewell, Simon

doi:10.2105/ajph.2003.029579

Cited by 84 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…2,7 This analysis focused on mortality rather than symptomatic relief, "life-years-gained," or disease incidence. 22,31 These all merit attention in future work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining the Decline in Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in England and Wales Between 1981 and 2000

2004

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Background-Coronary heart disease mortality rates have been decreasing in the United Kingdom since the 1970s. Our study aimed to examine how much of the decrease in England and Wales between 1981 and 2000 could be attributed to medical and surgical treatments and how much to changes in cardiovascular risk factors. Methods and Results-The IMPACT mortality model was used to combine and analyze data on uptake and effectiveness of cardiological treatments and risk factor trends in England and Wales. The main data sources were published trials and meta-analyses, official statistics, clinical audits, and national surveys. Between 1981 and 2000, coronary heart disease mortality rates in England and Wales decreased by 62% in men and 45% in women 25 to 84 years old. This resulted in 68 230 fewer deaths in 2000. Some 42% of this decrease was attributed to treatments in individuals (including 11% to secondary prevention, 13% to heart failure treatments, 8% to initial treatments of acute myocardial infarction, and 3% to hypertension treatments) and 58% to population risk factor reductions (principally smoking, 48%; blood pressure, 9.5%; and cholesterol, 9.5%). Adverse trends were seen for physical activity, obesity and diabetes. Conclusions-More than half the coronary heart disease mortality decrease in Britain between 1981 and 2000 was attributable to reductions in major risk factors, principally smoking. This emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive strategy that promotes primary prevention, particularly for tobacco and diet, and that maximizes population coverage of effective treatments, especially for secondary prevention and heart failure. These findings may be cautiously generalizable to the United States and other developed countries.

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“…2,7 This analysis focused on mortality rather than symptomatic relief, "life-years-gained," or disease incidence. 22,31 These all merit attention in future work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining the Decline in Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in England and Wales Between 1981 and 2000

2004

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“…Cardiac rehabilitation improves functional capacity and perceived quality of life whilst also supporting early return to work and the development of self-management skills [13] . This makes cardiac rehabilitation one of the most clinically and cost-effective therapeutic interventions in cardiovascular disease management [14][15][16][17][18] .…”

Section: Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiorespiratory fitness, oxygen pulse and heart rate response following the MyAction programme

2017

Br J Cardiol

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“…Aunque las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen la primera causa de muerte, su tendencia ascendente se interrumpió en parte por las campañas de lucha contra el tabaquismo y, en parte, gracias a la modernización del tratamiento médico (Unal et al, 2005). La obesidad, la hipercolesterolemia y la diabetes mellitus han mantenido su tendencia ascendente; en Estados Unidos, el número de niños obesos se duplicó desde 1980 y el de adolescentes se triplicó (OPAS, 2003).…”

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(In)seguridad alimentaria en América Latina y el Caribe. Discusión sobre los datos de producción y disponibilidad de alimentos de la FAO y las políticas públicas en Brasil

Archanjo

Cardoso

Borghi³

et al. 2014

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Con base en el enfoque de la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, este estudio analiza características de producción y disponibilidad de alimentos en América Latina y el Caribe y en el mundo.También analiza las políticas públicas inherentes y, aunque enfoca específicamente el caso de Brasil, las reflexiones pueden aplicarse al ámbito latinoamericano para orientar acciones favorecedoras del derecho humano a una alimentación adecuada. Los datos de la FAO, del periodo 1999FAO, del periodo -2001, revelan disparidades, incluida una dependencia vulnerable al comercio internacional, para viabilizar patrones agroalimentares compatibles con un estado nutricional más adecuado y también con el concepto de desarrollo sostenible.PALABRAS CLAVE: seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, disponiblidad y producción de alimentos, polí-ticas públicas,América Latina Food (in)Security in Latin America and the Caribbean: a Discussion about the Data on Food Production and Availability from the FAO and Brazil's Public Policies Based on a food and nutrition security approach, this paper analyzes the characteristics of food production and availability in Latin America and the Caribbean. It also examines the intrinsic public policies and, even thought it specifically focuses on Brazil, it attempts to reach conclusions that apply to the whole of Latin America in order to guide actions that strengthen the human right to adequate nutrition. FAO's Data for the period 1999-2001 shows disparities, which include a vulnerable dependence on international trade, that hinder the viability of agro-alimentary patterns compatible with an adequate nutrition and the concept of sustainable development.KEY WORDS: food and nutrition security, food availability, food production, public policies, Latin America  (In)seguridad alimentaria en América Latina y el Caribe Discusión sobre los datos de producción y disponibilidad de alimentos de la FAO y las políticas públicas en Brasil

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Life-Years Gained From Modern Cardiological Treatments and Population Risk Factor Changes in England and Wales, 1981–2000

Abstract: Modest reductions in major risk factors led to gains in life-years 4 times higher than did cardiological treatments. Effective policies to promote healthy diets and physical activity might achieve even greater gains.

Cited by 84 publications

References 33 publications

Explaining the Decline in Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in England and Wales Between 1981 and 2000

Explaining the Decline in Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in England and Wales Between 1981 and 2000

Cardiorespiratory fitness, oxygen pulse and heart rate response following the MyAction programme

(In)seguridad alimentaria en América Latina y el Caribe. Discusión sobre los datos de producción y disponibilidad de alimentos de la FAO y las políticas públicas en Brasil

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