Life threatening congenital hydropericardium in a newborn with Down syndrome, transient abnormal myelopoiesis, Hirschsprung disease and a ventricular septal defect

Complex subvalvular aortic stenosis, a bicuspid aortic valve with ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and aortic coarctation: A challenging combination

“…Subaortic stenosis (SubAS) is frequently associated with aortic valve dysfunction and has to be differentiated from obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and Shone's complex [1][2][3][4]. Both bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and coarctation of the aorta (CoA) often coexist (in 85% of cases) and may be related with subvalvular (SubAS), valvular, or supravalvular aortic stenosis [1,5].…”

“…This raised concerns about the risk of intraoperative damage of this leaflet during its membrane removal. It is important to be aware that there is a high probability of coexistence of multiple defects (in this case detected late) in patients with congenital heart disease [3].…”

Fetal echocardiography is not only used to detect congenital heart disease but also to monitor fetuses, especially those with different pathologies

“…We have read with great interest the article by Buczyński et al [1] entitled "Life-threatening congenital hydropericardium in a newborn with Down syndrome, transient abnormal myelopoiesis, Hirschsprung disease, and a ventricular septal defect". We would like to congratulate the authors on detecting prenatally a congenital heart defect and on their effort to publish such an interesting case.…”