Fetal echocardiography is not only used to detect congenital  heart disease but also to monitor fetuses, especially those  with different pathologies

Sylwestrzak, Oskar; Strzelecka, Iwona; Słodki, Maciej; Respondek‐Liberska, Maria

doi:10.33963/kp.a2022.0159

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The signs of fetal infection may be subtle and present as intrauterine growth restriction, calcifications of fetal organs, placenta, cord, and membranes and failure to adequately develop fetal fat reserves [ 14 , 17 , 18 ]. Even though diagnosis of the fetal infection must be confirmed by identification of a pathogen by means of microbiological cultures, immunological techniques and special molecular biology techniques, fetal ultrasonography and echocardiography in these cases seem reasonable to monitor the fetal well-being and assess the fetal cardiovascular efficacy [ 19 , 20 ]. So far, SARS-CoV-2 infection has affected pregnant women and the course of pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal Cardiac Hemodynamic and Sonographic Anomalies in Maternal COVID-19 Infection Depending on Vaccination Status—Polish Multicenter Cohort Study

Strzelecka

Sylwestrzak

Murlewska

et al. 2023

JCM

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Most obstetrical studies have focused on maternal response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus but much less is known about the effect of COVID-19 on fetal physiology. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on the fetal homeostasis with the use of detailed ultrasonography and echocardiography and consideration of the effect of vaccination. This was a multi-center study of fetuses who had prenatal detailed ultrasound and echocardiographic examinations performed by fetal cardiology specialists. The subjects were divided based on the COVID vaccination status (vaccinated women who did not have COVID-group V, unvaccinated women who had COVID-group UV, and unvaccinated women who did not have COVID-control group). We evaluated the ultrasound and echocardiography results obtained. The study group included 237 gravidas from four prenatal cardiology centers. In the group of fetuses with normal heart anatomy, normal cardiovascular function had 147 (81%) fetuses and functional cardiovascular anomalies were present in 35 (19%) cases. Functional cardiovascular anomalies were present in 11 (16%) fetuses in the V group, 19 (47%) fetuses in the UV group and 5 (8%) fetuses in the control group (p < 0.01). There were 56 (24%) fetuses with extracardiac anomalies. Extracardiac anomalies were present in 20 (22%) fetuses in the V group, 22 (45%) fetuses of the UV group and in 14 (14%) fetuses in the control group (p < 0.01). Our study has proved that maternal COVID-19 infection can affect the fetal physiology and mild cardiac and extracardiac markers detected by fetal ultrasonography and echocardiography. Moreover, maternal vaccination results in lower occurrence of these findings in fetuses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal Cardiac Hemodynamic and Sonographic Anomalies in Maternal COVID-19 Infection Depending on Vaccination Status—Polish Multicenter Cohort Study

Strzelecka

Sylwestrzak

Murlewska

et al. 2023

JCM

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“…That is why many scientists try to rule out noninvasive methods to reach the same or even better predicting results. For this purpose, fetal echocardiography as widely available tools is used in normal and complicated by fetal and maternal diseases pregnancy to assess proper fetal lung development 2–14 …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, disease severity as presented in the study could be connected with the severity of fetal pulmonary tissue impairment, but no statistical difference was proved. The Authors pertinently hypothesized fetal echocardiography up to now might be the best tool to monitor and predict fetal well‐being and predict neonatal outcome, not only in maternal autoimmune disease but also in different fetal and maternal pathologies 11,12 . Unfortunately, selected fetal pulmonary artery Doppler indices were analyzed only around 30th week of gestation.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this purpose, fetal echocardiography as widely available tools is used in normal and complicated by fetal and maternal diseases pregnancy to assess proper fetal lung development. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Fetal respiratory system is directly influenced by the fetal cardiovascular system and the other way around. The left ventricle is predominantly dedicated to the coronary circulation and upper body, while the right ventricle is the main distributor to the lower part of the body, the placenta and the lungs.…”

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Prenatal ultrasound assessment of fetal lung development in normal and complicated by fetal and maternal diseases pregnancy

Słodki

Sylwestrzak

2023

J of Clinical Ultrasound

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“…Nevertheless, fetal echocardiography is not only used to detect congenital heart defects (CHD), but also to monitor fetuses, especially those with different pathologies such as functional cardiovascular abnormalities, such as pericardial effusion and valvular insufficiencies, etc. [ 1 ]. Many efforts have been made to predict early neonatal outcomes [ 2 , 3 ], but no other method seems to be as detailed as fetal echocardiography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal Third-Trimester Functional Cardiovascular Abnormalities and Neonatal Elevated Bilirubin Level

Respondek-Liberska,

Sylwestrzak,

Murlewska

et al. 2023

JCM

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Background: The aim of the study was to analyze the neonatal outcomes of fetuses with diagnosed functional cardiovascular abnormalities, also considering the connection with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Materials and Methods: It was an observational study of 100 neonates who had fetal echocardiography examinations in the third trimester (mean gestational age during the last echocardiography was 34 ± 3 weeks and mean birth weight was 3550 g). There were two groups: A: normal heart anatomy + no functional anomalies; group B: normal heart anatomy + functional abnormalities. Hyperbilirubinemia was defined as a bilirubin level of >10 mg%. Results: In group A, there were 72 cases and only 5 cases despite having normal heart anatomy and normal heart study that presented additional problems. In group B (28 cases), the prenatal functional findings included tricuspid regurgitation (TR) (15 cases, 53%), pericardial effusion (4 cases, 14%), myocardial hypertrophy (4 cases, 14%), cardiomegaly (2 cases, 7%), abnormal bidirectional blood flow across the foramen ovale (3 cases, 11%), aneurysm of atrial septum (2 case, 7%), abnormal E/A ratio for mitral and tricuspid valve (1 case, 3%), bright spot (3 case, 11%), abnormal Doppler flow in ductus arteriosus compared to aortic arch (difference >60 cm/s) (1 case, 3%), supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) (1 case), and mitral regurgitation (1 case, 3%). In group A (n = 72 cases), bilirubin levels of >10 mg/dL were observed in 8% of newborns. In group B (n = 28), bilirubin levels of > 10 m/dL were observed in 46% of cases and TR was present in group B in 53% of cases (15/28 cases). The difference between group A and B in terms of elevated bilirubin levels was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In the case of fetal normal heart anatomy and normal heart study, a good neonatal outcome may be expected. When fetal cardiovascular functional abnormalities in normal heart anatomy are detected, with special attention paid to tricuspid valve regurgitation, a neonatal elevated bilirubin level (mean 11 mg/dL, range 10–15 mg/dL) may be expected.

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Fetal echocardiography is not only used to detect congenital heart disease but also to monitor fetuses, especially those with different pathologies

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Fetal Cardiac Hemodynamic and Sonographic Anomalies in Maternal COVID-19 Infection Depending on Vaccination Status—Polish Multicenter Cohort Study

Fetal Cardiac Hemodynamic and Sonographic Anomalies in Maternal COVID-19 Infection Depending on Vaccination Status—Polish Multicenter Cohort Study

Prenatal ultrasound assessment of fetal lung development in normal and complicated by fetal and maternal diseases pregnancy

Fetal Third-Trimester Functional Cardiovascular Abnormalities and Neonatal Elevated Bilirubin Level

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