Life Table Study ofAnagyrussp. nr.pseudococci(Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on Its Host,Planococcus ficus(Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Wohlfarter, M.; Addison, Pia

doi:10.4001/003.022.0223

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In a study carried by Macharia (2015) in Kenya, it was reported an increase of pesticide-related acute illness by over 70%. Therefore, the economic value of pesticide-related health cost is non-negligible (Maumbe and Swinton, 2003; Houndekon et al ., 2006) and is creating negative consumer sentiment around the use of insecticides which puts pressure on growers to use alternative control measures, such as biological control (Wohlfarter and Addison, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-dependent development, survival and reproduction ofApanteles hemara(Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) onSpoladea recurvalis(F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Agbodzavu

Osiemo-Lagat

Gikungu

et al. 2020

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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The temperature-dependent development of Apanteles hemara (Nixon), a larval endoparasitoid of the devastating amaranth pest Spoladea recurvalis (F.) was studied in the laboratory at six constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C), a photoperiod of 12L:12D and a relative humidity of 60–70%. Developmental time decreased significantly with increasing temperature within the range of 15–30 °C. The parasitoid's pupal mortality, successful parasitism rate, adult emergence rate and longevity, sex ratio and fecundity were affected by temperature. The population of A. hemara failed to develop at 10 and 35 °C. The development threshold (Tmin) and the thermal constant (K) were calculated by the linear model while the lethal temperature (Tmax) was determined by the Lactin-1 model. The estimated values of Tmin, Tmax and K by the two models were 10.3 °C, 35.0 °C and 185.18 DD respectively for the total immature development. The estimated value of the optimum temperature using the Taylor model was 30.8 °C. This is the first study to report on the effect of temperature on the developmental parameters of A. hemara giving an insight into its biology. The implications of these findings for the use of A. hemara in biological control are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-dependent development, survival and reproduction ofApanteles hemara(Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) onSpoladea recurvalis(F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Agbodzavu

Osiemo-Lagat

Gikungu

et al. 2020

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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“…Therefore, soil-applied imidacloprid is particularly detrimental to C. perminutus, as this parasitoid species should be released early in the growing season, when temperatures are cooler, to effectively discourage build-up of high mealybug populations (Walton & Pringle, 2005), while A. sp. near pseudococci is ideally adapted for hotter temperatures later in the season (Wohlfarter & Addison, 2014). Alternate products are available that are not detrimental to parasitoids, in particular A. sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sublethal Effects of a Systemic Insecticide on the Vine Mealybug Parasitoids Anagyrus sp. near pseudococci (Girault) and Coccidoxenoides perminutus (Timberlake) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)

Mgocheki

Addison

2015

SAJEV

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Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide used for the control of the vine mealybug Planococcus ficus. However, biological control of P. ficus is the primary alternate management method recommended for the integrated control of this pest. We therefore aimed to establish the detrimental effects on the development of Anagyrus. sp. near pseudococci and Coccidoxenoides perminutus feeding on imidacloprid-contaminated vine mealybugs as indicated by the subsequent emergence and survival of the F 1 generation. The results imply that A. sp. near pseudococci and C. perminutus were equally susceptible to imidacloprid, based on probit analysis. However, survival was significantly different between the control and insecticide treatment for C. perminutus (χ 2 = 23.80; d.f. = 3; p < 0.001), but not for A. sp. near pseudococci (χ 2 = 5.07; d.f. = 3; p = 0.17). As this study was laboratory based, the effect of imidacloprid on populations of parasitoids in the field should be assessed further. Treatment recommendations to minimise the impact on parasitoids are discussed briefly.

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“…near pseudococci. While the former species is known only from Sicily (Italy), Argentina and Cyprus, the latter has been detected in various Mediterranean countries (including Sicily), Palaearctic Asia, Brazil, USA and South Africa (Triapitsyn et al 2007;Wohlfarter and Addison 2014). In a recent study by Andreason et al (2019), A. sp.…”

Section: Anagyrus Pseudococci (Girault) and Anagyrus Vladimiri Triapimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are affected by abiotic factors, with temperature being a key factor in the perspective of effective biological control programs. The optimal developmental temperature of A. vladimiri determined under laboratory conditions ranged from 24.7 to 30.7 °C, whereas lower and upper developmental thresholds were 11.6-16.3 and about 36 °C, with a thermal constant of 223.5 degree-days (Daane et al 2004a;Wohlfarter and Addison 2014). Interestingly, laboratory experiments showed that the emergence of overwintering A. vladimiri occurred mainly in early May, regardless of when P. ficus hosts were parasitized, suggesting that cues other than temperature concurred to synchronize spring emergence of A. vladimiri adults with field availability of P. ficus (Daane et al 2004a).…”

Section: Anagyrus Pseudococci (Girault) and Anagyrus Vladimiri Triapimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, laboratory experiments showed that the emergence of overwintering A. vladimiri occurred mainly in early May, regardless of when P. ficus hosts were parasitized, suggesting that cues other than temperature concurred to synchronize spring emergence of A. vladimiri adults with field availability of P. ficus (Daane et al 2004a). The optimal temperature for A. vladimiri population growth was determined to be 27 °C, above which the parasitoid showed a higher net reproductive rate than VMB, indicating a reproductive advantage over its host at higher temperatures (Wohlfarter and Addison 2014). In the framework of climate change, A. vladimiri could benefit by increasing temperature and it has been predicted to have a larger impact on VMB if compared to the encyrtid Leptomastidea abnormis (Girault) and the coccinellid C. montrouzieri (Gutierrez et al 2008).…”

Section: Anagyrus Pseudococci (Girault) and Anagyrus Vladimiri Triapimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable management of the vine mealybug in organic vineyards

et al. 2020

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The vine mealybug (VMB), Planococcus ficus, is a major grapevine pest worldwide, whose chemical control is often unsatisfactory due to its cryptic behavior, insecticide resistance and high fecundity rate. Recently, increasing restrictions have been applied to insecticides used for managing VMB. This review discusses sustainable VMB management strategies in organic viticulture. Pheromone-mediated mating disruption has been proved to be effective in both organic wine and table-grape vineyards. Biocontrol projects carried out through the release of parasitoids and/or predators have often provided inconclusive results, ranging from effective reduction of mealybug infestation to a marginal impact of parasitoids on VMB density. The latter outcome is likely due to constraints affecting the parasitoid activity, such as the disrupting activity of mealybug-tending ants and broad-spectrum insecticides, or untimely release of parasitoids. Ant suppression should be associated with the release of beneficial organisms, as mealybug-tending ants can severely affect the parasitoid activity. Cultural and physical control and the employment of entomopathogens and natural products mitigate the buildup of VMB populations, but they are not widely applied. VMB control in organic viticulture requires the integration of different strategies, as application of single control tools as a stand-alone treatment may not be effective, especially for high pest infestation. Future research to determine the density action threshold below which sustainable methods are effective and calibrate efforts in relation with pest infestation is needed. A multi-disciplinary approach is required to define the most appropriate sustainable control protocols in different environmental conditions and promote a further spread of organic viticulture.

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Life Table Study ofAnagyrussp. nr.pseudococci(Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on Its Host,Planococcus ficus(Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Temperature-dependent development, survival and reproduction ofApanteles hemara(Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) onSpoladea recurvalis(F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Temperature-dependent development, survival and reproduction ofApanteles hemara(Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) onSpoladea recurvalis(F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

The Sublethal Effects of a Systemic Insecticide on the Vine Mealybug Parasitoids Anagyrus sp. near pseudococci (Girault) and Coccidoxenoides perminutus (Timberlake) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)

Sustainable management of the vine mealybug in organic vineyards

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