Life Table Studies of European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) with and without Inoculative Releases of<i>Trichogramma ostriniae</i>(Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Kuhar, Thomas P.; Wright, Mark G.; Hoffmann, Michael P.; Chenus, Sylvie A

doi:10.1603/0046-225x-31.3.482

Cited by 44 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A demonstration of the potential value of estimating irreplaceable mortality in biological control can be seen with the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hü bner), and its introduced egg parasitoid wasp, Trichogramma ostriniae (Peng and Chen) (Kuhar et al 2002). Releases of T. ostriniae increased egg mortality from 4 to 34% in Þeld corn, Zea mays L. However, the action of contemporaneous mortality factors was not considered.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality Risk in Insects

Peterson

Davis

Higley

et al. 2009

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Understanding how and why insect numbers fluctuate through time and space has been a central theme in ecological research for more than a century. Life tables have been used to understand temporal and spatial patterns in insect numbers. In this study, we estimated cause-of-death probabilities for phytophagous insects using multiple decrement life tables and the irreplaceable mortality analytic technique. Multiple decrement life tables were created from 73 insect life tables published from 1954 to 2004. Irreplaceable mortality (the portion of mortality that cannot be replaced by another cause) from pathogens, predators, and parasitoids was 8.6 +/- 7.2, 7.8 +/- 4.9, and 6.2 +/- 1.6%, respectively. In contrast, the mean irreplaceable mortality from all non-natural enemy mortality factors (mortality from factors other than natural enemies) was 35.1 +/- 4.4%. Irreplaceable mortality from natural enemies was significantly lower compared with non-natural enemy factors. Our results may partially explain cases of unsuccessful efficacy in classical biological control, after successful establishment, by showing low irreplaceable mortality for natural enemies, including 5.2 +/- 1.6% for introduced natural enemies. We suggest that the environment (i.e., the degree of environmental stability) influences the magnitude of the irreplaceable mortality from natural enemies. Our results lead to several testable hypotheses and emphasize that it is not possible to estimate the effect of any mortality factor without considering its interaction with competing mortality factors, which has far-reaching consequences for population biology and applied ecology.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality Risk in Insects

Peterson

Davis

Higley

et al. 2009

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“…If the refuge area is reduced, it may support a smaller European corn borer population and therefore could reduce the abundance of natural enemies that are available for control of insect pests in the Þeld, including secondary pests that are not affected by the Bt toxin. It is important to consider that natural enemies, along with abiotic factors, contribute to a relatively high natural mortality in European corn borer populations between 60 and 90% (Kuhar et al 2002). Ross and Ostlie (1990) reported None of the means for each outcome were signiÞcantly different (P Յ 0.05; LSD).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersal Behavior of Neonate European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on Bt Corn

Razze

Mason²

2012

jnl. econ. entom.

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European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), has historically been a significant economically important insect pest of corn (Zea mays L.) in the United States and Canada. The development in the 1990s of genetically modified corn expressing genes derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) that encodes insecticidal crystalline (Cry) proteins has proven to be effective in controlling this insect as well as other corn pests. The purpose of this study was to assess the movement and dispersal behavior of neonate European corn borer on Bt corn. We examined differences in neonate European corn borer dispersal behavior for the first 4 h after eclosion in the field among a stacked pyramid (Cry1F X Cry1Ab X Cry34/35Ab1) Bt corn, a Cry1F Bt corn, and a non-Bt sweet corn; and in the laboratory among a Bt corn hybrid containing Cry1F, a hybrid containing Cry1Ab, a pyramid combining these two hybrids (Cry1F X Cry1Ab), and a non-Bt near isoline corn. In field experiments, we found that dispersal was significantly higher on Bt corn compared with sweet corn. In laboratory experiments, dispersal was significantly higher on Cry1Ab Bt corn and Cry1F X Cry1Ab Bt corn than on non-Bt near isoline corn. Results indicated that neonate dispersal may be significantly greater in Bt cornfields compared with non-Bt cornfields. The findings on dispersal behavior in this study will be useful in evaluating the efficacy of a blended seed refuge system for managing European corn borer resistance in Bt corn.

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“…Although an assessment of damage to leaves was not performed after the third release, the most indicative of the beneficial effect of parasitoids can be seen by the significant increase in grain yield in these plots in relation to grain yields obtained in the other plots, including those where there were no parasitoids released or in fewer releases. Kuhar et al (2002) considered Trichogramma ostriniae the primary factor in the mortality and subsequent suppression of Ostrinia nubilalis, proving that in areas where the parasitoid was released, the control level of the pest in sweet maize was 92 %. Hoffmann et al (2002) also reported similar results after inoculative releases of T. ostriniae to control O. nubilalis.…”

Section: Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological control with Trichogramma pretiosum increases organic maize productivity by 19.4%

Figueiredo

Cruz

Silva

et al. 2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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Spodoptera frugiperda is a major pest causing maize yield loss in Brazil. There is therefore a need for control methods, notably for organic farming because classical pesticides are not allowed. A potential solution for organic maize is to apply the biological control agent Trichogramma pretiosum to reduce S. frugiperda populations. Here, we tested the application of one, two, or three releases of T. pretiosum. We measured plant damage ratings, egg masses parasitized, and grain yield. Results show that 79.2 % of egg masses were parasited. Maize yields for parasited plots increased of 701 kg/ha versus control plots. This result equals a 19.4 % gain of productivity and US$96.5 gain per hectare. Therefore, biological control with egg parasitoids is a promising alternative to control S. frugiperda in organic maize.

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Life Table Studies of European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) with and without Inoculative Releases ofTrichogramma ostriniae(Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Cited by 44 publications

References 30 publications

Mortality Risk in Insects

Mortality Risk in Insects

Dispersal Behavior of Neonate European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on Bt Corn

Biological control with Trichogramma pretiosum increases organic maize productivity by 19.4%

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