Life stress and the psychological and medical adjustment of chronically ill children

Bedell, Jeffrey R.; Giordani, Bruno; Amour, Judith L.; Tavormina, Joseph B.; Boll, Thomas J.

doi:10.1016/0022-3999(77)90096-4

Cited by 87 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…There is, for example, evidence to suggest that circumstances such as being born into poverty (Honig, 1986a), being the child of a seriously disturbed parent (Goodman, 1984;Honig, 1986b;Orvaschel, Weissman, Padian, & Lowe, 1981), and chronic familial tension and discord (Block, et al, 1986;Emery, 1982;Rutter, Yule, Quinton, Rowlands, & Yule, 1975) predispose maladjustment in children who experience them. Prospective and longitudinal data on the effects of life stressors support that view (Bedell, Giordana, Amour, Tavormina, & Boll, 1977;Robins & Ratcliff, 1979). In a related vein, Rutter (1983) has suggested that the negative psychological effects of experiencing many SLE-Cs may be more neady multiplicative than additive.…”

Section: Life Stressors Adjustment and The Resilience Processmentioning

confidence: 92%

Stress resilient children in an urban setting

Work¹,

Cowen²,

Parker³

et al. 1990

J Primary Prevent

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Section: Life Stressors Adjustment and The Resilience Processmentioning

confidence: 92%

Stress resilient children in an urban setting

Work¹,

Cowen²,

Parker³

et al. 1990

J Primary Prevent

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“…It gives a reliable report of the child's acceptance versus rejection by his or her classmates (17). The Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale is a well-validated scale of 80 items completed by the child that evaluates his or her self-esteem (18). Again, this scale has been used in many studies of people with epilepsy (19).…”

Section: School-aged Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Pediatric Epilepsy on the Family: A New Scale for Clinical and Research Use

2001

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Summary:Purpose: There is no brief, global instrument available that specifically measures the psychosocial impact of pediatric epilepsy on the family. An 11-item scale was created for parents' use to evaluate the influence of epilepsy on the major aspects of their family and child's life. This will be a helpful tool both in the clinical setting and as an outcome measure for research studies.Methods: Mothers rated their child's quality of life on a visual analogue scale (1-6) and completed the Impact of Pediatric Epilepsy Scale (IPES), which assesses the impact on academic achievement, participation in activities, health, relationships with family and with peers and siblings, social activities, self-esteem, and the caregiver's hopes for their child's future adapted from the scale developed by Jacoby. External validation was determined by comparison of the IPES with physicians' reports of the characteristics of the child's epilepsy and neurological limitations and parents' ratings on the Family Environment Scale or Parenting Stress Index. In addition, each school-aged child completed the Piers-Harris Children's SelfConcept Scale, Brother-Sister Questionnaire, and Loneliness Scale. Teachers of children completed the Academic Performance Rating Scale. Seven days later, retest reliability of the IPES was evaluated.Results: Ninety-seven mothers of children aged 2-16 years completed the IPES and the appropriate family and age-related questionnaires. Internal validation on the IPES yielded a Cronbach's a for the scale of 0.92. A significant Pearson's correlation indicated that total scores were consistent over time (r ‫ס‬ 0.81). Spearman's correlations for the individual items were also significant, ranging from 0.48 to 0.78. Significant Spearman's correlations also indicated that quality of life was negatively related to impact on each of the 11 items of psychosocial function. Children with IPES scores above the median differed in some psychosocial aspects from those who scored below. Their parents were more stressed, their siblings were more respectful, they had lower self-esteem, and they experienced more emotional problems. Total impact was also significantly related to seizure frequency, total number of medications taken, number of visits to a physician in the previous year, and number of nights spent in hospital for neurological reasons. Conclusions:The IPES is an accurate, acceptable, and quick measurement tool that reflects the way in which childhood epilepsy has an impact on the child and on family life. It may be helpful in routine clinical care and may be useful in the research setting to find ways to improve the lives of children with epilepsy. Key Words: Pediatric-EpilepsyQuality of life.Epilepsy is a frequent chronic illness in children. The psychosocial impact of epilepsy on the child and family's everyday life depends on several factors, including (a) the severity of the epilepsy; (b) the complexity of the clinical management; (c) the meaning of the illness to the child, family, and society as a whole; ...

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“…; accidents (Padilla, Rohsenow, & Bergman, 1976); psychosocial functioning (Berden, Althaus, & Verhulst, 1990; Forehand, Wierson, Thomas, & Armistead, 1991; Work, Parker, & Cowen, 1990); psychological/psychiatric disorders (Cohen, Burt, & Bjorck, 1987; Goodyer & Altham, 1991; Hotaling, Atwell, & Linsky, 1978;Johnson & Sarason, 1978; Siege1 & Brown, 1988;Steinhausen & Radtke, 1986); and self-esteem (Bedell et al, 1977;Young, Rathge, Mullis, & Mullis, 1990).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stressful life events and changes in substance use among a multiracial/ethnic sample of adolescent boys

Biafora

Vega

Warheit

et al. 1994

J. Community Psychol.

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This paper presents a comparative analysis of the prevalence of stressful life events and of the relationships between stressful life events and alcohol, illicit drug, and cigarette use among a multi‐ethnic community sample (N = 2,446) of early adolescent boys. The data were derived from a longitudinal study of substance use behaviors and their psychosocial correlates among Hispanic, African‐American, and White non‐Hispanic adolescent boys residing in Dade County, Florida. Similar levels of event exposure were found among the subgroups, with one exception. African Americans were significantly more likely to experience a death‐related event in the past year. Stressful life events were not significantly related with substance use among African‐American students. Among Hispanics and White non‐Hispanics, however, a number of significant positive relationships were found. A number of bidirectional events (i.e., those events that could be either an antecedent to and/or the result of substance use) were significantly related with stressful events, highlighting the importance of longitudinal research in delineating the temporal ordering of events and outcomes. The authors conclude that future stress research with adolescents should pay particular attention to the important moderating influences of culture and ethnicity as well as to the bidirectional nature of life events and substance use.

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Life stress and the psychological and medical adjustment of chronically ill children

Cited by 87 publications

References 9 publications

Stress resilient children in an urban setting

Stress resilient children in an urban setting

Impact of Pediatric Epilepsy on the Family: A New Scale for Clinical and Research Use

Stressful life events and changes in substance use among a multiracial/ethnic sample of adolescent boys

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