Life-history traits and the first demographic data of Iranian population of the West Asian Lemon-Yellow Tree Frog, Hyla savignyi (Audouin, 1827)

Abstract

The life-history of an organism consists of its lifetime pattern of growth, development, storage, age, and reproduction. In this study, some life-history traits of Hyla savignyi were studied in populations from different parts of Iran. The microscopic and macroscopic analysis showed that testicular activity in H. savignyi is potentially continuous, reaching its peak level in April. Metamorphosis was completed in approximately 102 days after egg deposition, and body size at metamorphosis was 10 mm. Significant sexual size dimorphism was present in all populations, and a larger female asymptotic body size was observed (43.07 mm for females vs 41.16 mm for males). The adult survival rate (S) and life expectancy (ESP) were the same for both sexes (S = 0.73 and ESP = 4.2 years). Age and body size were positively correlated with each other for both females and males. Maximum longevity was recorded to be six years in both females and males, and ages of sexual maturity were estimated to be two or three years in breeding individuals. The adult sample age ranged from two to six years (mean age of females: 4.40±0.68 years; males: 3.63±0.13 years). Our data confirm the general patterns of body size variation and mean age in anurans and show that females are larger than males and live longer.

Sexual shape dimorphism in Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas, 1814) from Lake Borçka Karagöl, Türkiye

“…In anurans, most species studied (~90%) are known to have a female-biased SSD (Shine 1979). Ultimately, this general trend is interpreted as a consequence of selection acting to increase female fecundity (Woolbright 1983, Monnet & Cherry 2002, Silva et al 2020), but, proximately, it can be attributed to intersexual differences in life-history traits such as growth rate, lifespan, or age at maturity (Han & Fu 2013;Alaei et al 2021, Marangoni et al 2021. Conversely, selective forces may favour larger body sizes in males by increasing reproductive success if larger males are preferred by females or if larger male have an advantage in male-male competition (Yu et al 2010, Hudson & Fu 2013.…”