Life‐history constraints, short adult life span and reproductive strategies in coral reef gobies of the genus <i>Trimma</i>

Goldsworthy, Nisha C; Srinivasan, Maya; Smallhorn‐West, Patrick; Cheah, Lit-Chien; Munday, Philip; Jones, Geoffrey P.

doi:10.1111/jfb.15161

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…In this reproductive strategy, found in coral reef gobies ( Trimma spp. ) 70 , only one type of reproductive organ is mature and functional while the non-functional organ(s) is retained in an immature state, enabling rapid sex change based on specific environmental cues (such as body size, temperature, food abundance or population density). (2) Salps are synchronous (or true) hermaphrodites that carry both mature ovaries and testes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salpa genome and developmental transcriptome analyses reveal molecular flexibility enabling reproductive success in a rapidly changing environment

Castellano,

Batta-Lona,

Bucklin

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Ocean warming favors pelagic tunicates, such as salps, that exhibit increasingly frequent and rapid population blooms, impacting trophic dynamics and composition and human marine-dependent activities. Salp blooms are a result of their successful reproductive life history, alternating seasonally between asexual and sexual protogynous (i.e. sequential) hermaphroditic stages. While predicting future salp bloom frequency and intensity relies on an understanding of the transitions during the sexual stage from female through parturition and subsequent sex change to male, these transitions have not been explored at the molecular level. Here we report the development of the first complete genome of S. thompsoni and the North Atlantic sister species S. aspera. Genome and comparative analyses reveal an abundance of repeats and G-quadruplex (G4) motifs, a highly stable secondary structure, distributed throughout both salp genomes, a feature shared with other tunicates that perform alternating sexual-asexual reproductive strategies. Transcriptional analyses across sexual reproductive stages for S. thompsoni revealed genes associated with male sex differentiation and spermatogenesis are expressed as early as birth and before parturition, inconsistent with previous descriptions of sequential sexual differentiation in salps. Our findings suggest salp are poised for reproductive success at birth, increasing the potential for bloom formation as ocean temperatures rise.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salpa genome and developmental transcriptome analyses reveal molecular flexibility enabling reproductive success in a rapidly changing environment

Castellano,

Batta-Lona,

Bucklin

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Although functionally simultaneous hermaphroditism in reeffishes was only reported from Serranidae (Sawada, 2022), there are a few reports on individuals with simultaneously hermaphroditic (SH) gonads in the gobies Trimma and Priolepis (Cole, 1990(Cole, , 2010Goldsworthy et al, 2022). However, the function of SH gonads is still unknown in gobies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidirectional sex change and plasticity of gonadal phases in the goby Lubricogobius exiguus

Oyama

Sonoyama²,

Kasai³

et al. 2023

Journal of Fish Biology

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Of the ca. 500 known hermaphroditic fish species, bidirectional sex change and simultaneous hermaphroditism are currently known in 69 and 57 species, respectively. Both bidirectional sex change and simultaneous hermaphroditism are predicted to evolve when mating opportunities are limited, such as in cases of low-density distribution and low mobility of individuals. However, the plasticity of sex is adaptive in obtaining mating opportunities, especially when there is mate loss. Pair-rearing experiments and histological observations of gonads of the goby Lubricogobius exiguus, which has lowdensity distributions and low mobility, showed bidirectional sex change. The male-role individuals in pairs had gonads in which only the testis was functional (male-phase), whereas the female-role individuals had two types of gonads: only the ovary was functional (female-phase) or both testis and ovary were functional (simultaneously hermaphroditic phase, SH-phase). In addition, single-rearing experiments showed SH-phase gonads in all individuals, and some cyclic spawning but no self-fertilization occurred. These results revealed that L. exiguus has an unusual sexual pattern among hermaphroditic fishes because they undergo bidirectional sex change and some maintain SH-phase gonads. These findings indicate that the low-density distribution and low mobility of L. exiguus in their natural habitat may have influenced the evolution of this unique sexual pattern.

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Life‐history constraints, short adult life span and reproductive strategies in coral reef gobies of the genus Trimma

Goldsworthy

Srinivasan

Smallhorn‐West

et al. 2022

Journal of Fish Biology

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Body size influences many life‐history traits, with small‐bodied animals tending to have short life spans, high mortality and greater reproductive effort early in life. In this study, the authors investigated the life‐history traits and reproductive strategies of three small‐bodied coral reef gobies of the genus Trimma: Trimma benjamini, Trimma capostriatum and Trimma yanoi. The authors found all Trimma species studied attained a small body size of <25 mm, had a short life span of <140 days and experienced high estimated daily mortality of 3.0%–6.7%. Furthermore, the pelagic larval phase accounted for 25.3%–28.5% of the maximum life span, and maturation occurred between 74.1 and 82.1 days at 15.2–15.8 mm, leaving only 35%–43% of the total life span as a reproductively viable adult. All mature individuals had gonad structures consistent with bidirectional sex change, with bisexual gonads including both ovarian and testicular portions separated by a thin wall of connective tissue. In the female and male phases, only ovaries or testes were mature, whereas gonadal tissue of the non‐active sex remained. One T. benjamini individual and one T. yanoi individual had ovarian and testicular tissue active simultaneously. The results of this study highlight the life‐history challenges small CRFs face on their path to reproduction and reproductive strategies that could be beneficial in fishes with high and unpredictable mortality and short reproductive life spans.

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Life‐history constraints, short adult life span and reproductive strategies in coral reef gobies of the genus Trimma

Cited by 3 publications

References 87 publications

Salpa genome and developmental transcriptome analyses reveal molecular flexibility enabling reproductive success in a rapidly changing environment

Salpa genome and developmental transcriptome analyses reveal molecular flexibility enabling reproductive success in a rapidly changing environment

Bidirectional sex change and plasticity of gonadal phases in the goby Lubricogobius exiguus

Life‐history constraints, short adult life span and reproductive strategies in coral reef gobies of the genus Trimma

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