Life histories of stoneflies (Plecoptera) in the Rio Conejos of southern Colorado

DeWalt, R. Edward; Stewart, Kenneth W.

doi:10.5962/bhl.part.22804

Cited by 38 publications

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“…Freilich (1991), who worked only with larvae with headcapsule widths of more than 3.0 mm, also reported a 3-year larval life in Pacific Creek, Wyoming. DeWalt and Stewart (1995) found a 9-to10-month egg stage and estimated a 38-month larval life, based on head-capsule widths, in the Rio Conejos, Colorado. Townsend and Pritchard (1999) showed that P. californica eggs from the Crowsnest River in southern Alberta took a minimum of 182 days (or >1790 day-degrees above the developmental zero (the intercept on the temperature axis of the linear regression of development rate on temperature)) for 50% hatch in the laboratory, with no observable development for approximately 80 d at any temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval growth and development of the stonefly Pteronarcys californica (Insecta: Plecoptera) in the Crowsnest River, Alberta

Townsend¹,

Pritchard²

1998

Can. J. Zool.

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We used head-capsule width, wing-pad length, larval recruitment, adult emergence, and MULTIFAN TM analysis to determine the life history of the stonefly Pteronarcys californica in the Crowsnest River, Alberta. Embryonic development, incorporating an early diapause, accounts for approximately 1 year of the life cycle. Both sexes spend a further 4 years in the larval stage. Female larvae grow faster than males and so achieve a larger size at emergence. Extended larval recruitment leads to variation in the sizes of larvae of the same year class and probably to cohort splitting. There is a high degree of synchrony in adult emergence, perhaps as a result of a summer diapause in antepenultimate-instar larvae. These phenomena (embryonic diapause, extended larval recruitment, different growth rates of the sexes, cohort splitting, and larval diapause) are possibly typical of aquatic insects with long life cycles.Résumé : Nous avons étudié le cycle biologique de Pteronarcys californica dans la rivière Crowsnest en Alberta en utilisant des mesures de la largeur de la capsule céphalique, de la longueur des fourreaux alaires, du recrutement larvaire et de l'émergence des adultes ainsi qu'une analyse MULTIFAN TM . Le développement embryonnaire, qui comporte une diapause hâtive, explique environ 1 année du cycle. Mâles et femelles passent ensuite encore 4 ans au stade larvaire. Les larves femelles croissent à un rythme plus rapide que les larves mâles et sont donc de plus grande taille à l'émergence. Le recrutement étalé des larves donne lieu à une grande variation de taille chez les larves d'une même classe d'âge et probablement aussi à la division en cohortes. L'émergence des adultes est remarquablement synchronisée, peut-être à la suite d'une diapause d'été à l'avant-dernier stade larvaire. Ces phénomènes (diapause embryonnaire, recrutement larvaire étalé, taux de croissance différents chez les mâles et les femelles, division en cohortes et diapause larvaire) sont peut-être des caractéristiques typiques des insectes aquatiques à cycles biologiques de longue durée.[Traduit par la Rédaction] Townsend and Pritchard 2280

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval growth and development of the stonefly Pteronarcys californica (Insecta: Plecoptera) in the Crowsnest River, Alberta

Townsend¹,

Pritchard²

1998

Can. J. Zool.

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“…In the Provo river, Utah, a four-year life cycle was estimated for P. californica (Branham and Hathaway 1975). DeWalt and Stewart (1995) also estimated a four-year life cycle in the Rio Conejos, Colorado. Given the variability in the duration of diapause reported by Pritchard and Townsend (2000) we predict that cohort splitting is common enough in P. californica to lead to little or no genetic differentiation among cohorts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic evidence for cohort splitting in the merovoltine stoneflyPteronarcys californica(Newport) in Blacksmith Fork, Utah

et al. 2008

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The life cycles of many stream insects results in the simultaneous existence of multiple cohorts within populations. If larval development is fixed in these long-lived species, successive cohorts may be reproductively isolated and genetically distinct. We examined levels of genetic differentiation in a 333 bp region of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene among cohorts of the stonefly Pteronarcys californica (Newport) (Plecoptera, Pteronarcyidae) at two sites along Blacksmith Fork, Utah. Body measurements were collected from 224 specimens. The frequency distribution of (head width) X (head þ thorax length) suggests four (Low site) and five year (High site) life cycles comprising an *one year embryonic diapause followed by either three or four years of larval development. Seventy-seven individuals were sequenced, from which we detected five unique mtDNA haplotypes. The overall AMOVA suggested moderate genetic differentiation among cohorts (F ST ¼ 0.11, p ¼ 0.01; F ST ¼ 0.11, p ¼ 0.007). However, pairwise analyses indicated that a single cohort drove the overall F ST value. Thus, we conclude that there is considerable gene flow among most cohorts of P. californica in Blacksmith Fork.

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“…Most often, their emergence periods are synchronous and short, with different species emerging in temporal succession (Hynes, 1976;Zwick, 2011). Although many environmental factors influence emergence of aquatic insects, water temperature and photoperiod have been recognized as the most important for stonefly emergence (Hynes, 1976;Flannagan and Cobb, 1991;DeWalt and Stewart, 1995;Zwick, 2011;Ivković et al, 2014;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental drivers influencing stonefly assemblages along a longitudinal gradient in karst lotic habitats

et al. 2018

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Stoneflies are among the most sensitive aquatic insect taxa and therefore arguably the best indicator of the excellent, i.e. pristine, ecological status of surface streams. Karst habitats are one of the most exciting freshwater habitats in terms of biological-geological interplay. They, in turn, support a biodiversity far superior to surrounding freshwater habitats and hence these habitats are designated as biodiversity hotspots. Our study deals with both of these crucial ecological players. We studied stonefly assemblages, their microhabitat preferences and emergence patterns along a karst oligotrophic hydrosystem. The sampling was conducted monthly from March 2007 to December 2008 using pyramid-type emergence traps set in various habitats and associated microhabitats (e.g. springs, rivers, streams, tufa barriers×moss, angiosperm, cobble, sand, silt substrates). Favorable environmental conditions, such as a wide range of karst habitat types with low water temperature and high oxygen concentration, resulted in high stonefly species richness (31 recorded species). Water temperature and pH had the highest influence on stonefly assemblages. Species richness and diversity decreased in a downstream direction. We recorded a longitudinal shift from crenal-epirhithral to epirhithral-metarhithral assemblages with some hyporhithral and potamal elements. Upstream sites were dominated by shredders, while downstream sites had a higher proportion of gatherers-collectors. Several species showed a significant preference for a specific microhabitat type in accordance with their feeding strategies and food availability. The majority of recorded species exhibited univoltine life cycles slow or fast.

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Life histories of stoneflies (Plecoptera) in the Rio Conejos of southern Colorado

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Larval growth and development of the stonefly Pteronarcys californica (Insecta: Plecoptera) in the Crowsnest River, Alberta

Larval growth and development of the stonefly Pteronarcys californica (Insecta: Plecoptera) in the Crowsnest River, Alberta

Genetic evidence for cohort splitting in the merovoltine stoneflyPteronarcys californica(Newport) in Blacksmith Fork, Utah

Environmental drivers influencing stonefly assemblages along a longitudinal gradient in karst lotic habitats

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