Larval growth and development of the stonefly <i>Pteronarcys californica</i> (Insecta: Plecoptera) in the Crowsnest River, Alberta

Townsend, G. D.; Pritchard, Gordon

doi:10.1139/z98-179

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Extended larval recruitment, differential growth rates of males and females and cohort splitting (i.e., a separation into faster and slower-growing larval groups) are all found in some aquatic insects with long life cycles and extended emergence periods (Butler 1984, Townsend & Pritchard, 1998. Although K. kuscheli is one of the largest stoneflies inhabiting Patagonian running waters we found no evidence of cohort splitting and adults were seen only in late spring and summer.…”

Section: La Hoyamentioning

confidence: 53%

Life history and emergence patterns of stonefly species in mountain streams of the Futaleufú basin, Patagonia (Argentina)

Hollmann

Miserendino

2008

Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim.

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The temporal dynamics in density, life histories, and emergence patterns were described for the first time for five Plecoptera species in tributaries of the Futaleufú River in Patagonia, Argentina. Benthic samples and adult collections were made in five low order Nothofagus forested streams. Four species of Gripopterygidae; Aubertoperla illiesi, Notoperlopsis femina, Antarctoperla michaelseni and Senzilloides panguipulli had simple, highly synchronized univoltine life histories. The austroperlid Klapopteryx kuscheli takes more than two years to develop. Emergence periods of most of the species were concentrated in late spring and summer (October to February), which suggests seasonal and synchronized life histories. Most N. femina adults were collected in mid spring indicating this species emerged first, whereas S. panguipulli emerged last from January to April. Aubertoperla illiesi showed a slightly delayed emergence at the high elevation site (La Hoya Stream) when compared to a piedmont stream, suggesting that temperature was an important control. Although we were unable to describe the life history of Limnoperla jaffueli (Gripopterygidae) its adult emergence period was November to January. Life histories of Plecoptera species in the studied streams seem to have a high degree of seasonality at least at this latitude, and are possibly determined by predictable temperature patterns and discharge regimes. This first contribution on the life histories of Plecoptera species helps us to better understand the dynamics and functioning of pristine but fragile aquatic environments in Patagonia.

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Section: La Hoyamentioning

confidence: 53%

Life history and emergence patterns of stonefly species in mountain streams of the Futaleufú basin, Patagonia (Argentina)

Hollmann

Miserendino

2008

Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim.

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“…Wing pads increase at moults, three morphologically well defined steps seem to be standard in the order, except two in Pteronarcyidae (Townsend and Pritchard 1998;Zwick and Teslenko 2002).…”

Section: Ontogeny Of Wings In Plecopteramentioning

confidence: 95%

The Plecoptera – who are they? The problematic placement of stoneflies in the phylogenetic system of insects

Zwick¹

2009

Aquatic Insects

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There is no consensus about the relations of Plecoptera with other insects. Very different sistergroup relationships have been proposed in the literature, several of which are discussed. The phylogenetic analysis is hampered by the diversity among Plecoptera. In the literature, traits of particular subgroups of Plecoptera have sometimes been mistaken as typical of the entire order. A plea for revived interest in plecopteran morphology is made in order to document the existing diversity and to establish the ground pattern of important structures for meaningful comparisons with other insects. A possible sistergroup relationship between Plecoptera and the remaining Neoptera, on the one hand, and a sistergroup relationship with the Polyneoptera on the other hand, seem most likely. Suggested close relationships of Plecoptera with Embioptera and Phasmatodea are refuted. Molecular data so far also failed to provide robust phylogenetic hypotheses for the placement of Plecoptera.Keywords: phylogenetic relations; Ephemeroptera; Neoptera; Polyneoptera; Embioptera; Phasmatodea Introduction Establishing the identity of Plecoptera and distinguishing them from other insects was the cardinal problem when early students began to perceive the multitude of insects and tried to order the astounding diversity. There was enormous progress from the earliest presentation of a stonefly as a nameless beautiful natural object (Hoefnagel 1592) to the detailed works by Burmeister (1839) and Pictet (1841) who were familiar with many details of adult and larval morphology, ecology and behaviour of Plecoptera. Following their studies, Plecoptera were no longer confused with other insects.However, the question where in the insect system the Plecoptera belong, what their closest relatives are, remains unanswered today. I do also not know but would like to discuss some suggested relations. The literature offers different answers to the above question but only work applying sound phylogenetic methodology (use of only homologous characters, conscientious distinction of plesiomorphic from apomorphic character states, conclusions based on only the latter) are relevant. The result of such work is a hypothesis of relations which becomes increasingly probable as efforts to falsify it fail, but it can never be proven.

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“…Such responses can be mediated by step-wise changes of critical photoperiod, for example (Gomi and Takeda, 1996). Other species respond by cohort-splitting, whereby advanced individuals emerge the same year but later ones delay until the next year, often through diapause (Danks, 1992;Townsend and Pritchard, 1998), producing a bimodal pattern of development, though not necessarily of seasonal emergence. Bimodal and multimodal responses may also reflect risk spreading.…”

Section: Kinds Of Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key themes in the study of seasonal adaptations in insects II. Life-cycle patterns

Danks

2006

Appl. Entomol. Zool.

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Recent work on selected topics of particular interest for understanding insect life-cycles is reviewed, including habitat patterns, kinds of variation, the spreading of risk and prolonged diapause, trade-offs and developmental plasticity, circannual rhythms, the concept of life cycles as developmental choices, and development or delay as the default response. Seasonal adaptations have a wider range of components than has often been appreciated. Variation in lifecycle traits, including the duration of development and the timing of emergence, can be wide, narrow, or discontinuous. Trade-offs encompass multiple simultaneous traits and are not always structured as might be expected. Diapause, cold hardiness, reproductive pattern, and other traits have evolved many times independently. Such complex interactions can be understood only by examining the detailed features of a species' habitat, because how developmental decisions are made and whether continuous development or delays are programmed reflect the predictability of habitats and the environmental signals they supply. Ecological context is important, not just mechanisms of adaptation. Therefore, although most previous studies have paid more attention to insect response than to habitat, interpreting the seasonal relevance of life-cycle patterns requires measurement and analysis for individual species of habitat characteristics and their variation, on a range of temporal and spatial scales, in much more detail than has been customary.

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Larval growth and development of the stonefly Pteronarcys californica (Insecta: Plecoptera) in the Crowsnest River, Alberta

Cited by 22 publications

References 10 publications

Life history and emergence patterns of stonefly species in mountain streams of the Futaleufú basin, Patagonia (Argentina)

Life history and emergence patterns of stonefly species in mountain streams of the Futaleufú basin, Patagonia (Argentina)

The Plecoptera – who are they? The problematic placement of stoneflies in the phylogenetic system of insects

Key themes in the study of seasonal adaptations in insects II. Life-cycle patterns

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