Life Histories of North American Wood Warblers

Abstract

ADVERTISEMENTThere is some question whether they represent the same species." In the second category is Vermivora cmcinnatiensis (Langdon), the Cincinnati warbler, described in 1880. "The unique type is regarded as a hybrid between Vermivora pinus (Linnaeus) and Oporornis (1911) writes, "almost every conceivable hypothesis has been advanced by one writer or another to fix its true status in our bird-fauna." In addition to being considered a valid species, it has been regarded as a hybrid (Brewster, 1881), as a dichromatic phase, that is, a leucochroic phase of V. pinus (Ridgway, 1887), as a mutant (Scott, 1905), and finally as a phase, "ancestral in character" (atavistic) of the goldenwing (C. W. Townsend, 1908).Lawrence's warbler is a very rare bird. The first specimen was described in 1874 (Herold Herrick, 1874, and since that time the bird was taken or seen infrequently, chiefly in regions where the breeding ranges of F. chrysoptera and V. pinus overlap. Consensus of opinion in the main regarded it as a hybrid between V. chrysoptera and F. pinus, as it combined characters of both the supposed parents. John Treadwell Nichols (1908) Recently Karl W. Haller (1940) described "a new wood warbler from West Virginia" from two specimens,, male and female, which he collected on May 30 and June 1, 1939, respectively, at points 18 miles apart, and proposed for it the new name Dendroica 'potomac^Sutton's warbler. These birds resemble the yellow-throated warbler in plumage but lack streaks on the sides. They also suggest the parula warbler in having a faint yellowish wash on the back and, in the male, "an almost imperceptible hint of raw sienna" on the upper breast. The male sang a song much like the parula's, but doubled by repetition.Two more Sutton's (1945). Another aberrant warbler has been described by Stanley G. Jewett (1944), who examined four specimens which show a curious intermingling of the plumage characters of the hermit and Townsend warblers.[Author's Note: Since the above was written, Kenneth C. Parkes (1951) has published a study of the genetics of the golden-wingedblue-winged warbler complex, to which the reader is referred. ] MNIOTILTA VARIA (Linnaeus) BLACK with "cinnamon-brown," "Mars brown," and "dark purplish drab"; others are boldly spotted and blotched with "russet" and "Vandyke brown," with underlying spots of "brownish drab," "light brownish drab," and "light vinaceous-drab." Speckled eggs are commoner than the more boldly blotched type. The markings are usually concentrated at the large end, and on some of the heavily spotted eggs there is a solid wreath of different shades of russet and drab. The measurements of 50 eggs average 17.2 by 13.3 millimeters; the eggs showing the four extremes measure 18.8 by 13.7, 17.9 by 14.7, 15.7 by 12.7, and 16.3 by 12.2 millimeters (Harris) .]Toimg.-Cordelia J. Stanwood (MS.) speaks of the nestlings a few days from the^g g as "very dark gray, much like young j uncos and Nashville warblers." But when they leave the nest they are clearly...

Biologie de la reproduction de la Paruline à gorge grise (Oporornis agilis) dans les pinèdes grises du Lac-Saint-Jean, Canada /

“…Pour le reste, les textes qui décrivent la biologie de la reproduction de la Paruline à gorge grise supposent que le comportement va ressembler à celui d'autres espèces du genre Oporornis, plus particulièrement la Paruline triste {Oporornis Philadelphia) et la P. des buissons {Oporornis tolmiei) (Pitochelli 1993;Pitochelli 1995). Ces deux espèces pondent un oeuf par jour et commencent à couver immédiatement (Bent 1953;Hofslund 1954;Cox 1960). De façon générale elles couvent les oeufs pendant 12 jours, les jeunes quittent le nid vers 8 et 9…”

“…jours et sont indépendants 3 semaines après l'éclosion (Bent 1953;Hofslund 1954;Cox 1960;Semenchuk 1993). …”

“…The number of documented nests in the literature is small Huff 1929;Kilgore et Breckenridge 1929;Stone 1929;Gromme 1942;Bent 1953;Walkinshaw et Dyer 1961) and not much information has been compiled on the time budget allowed by adults during breeding. Parental care is important in atricial species.…”

Multiple Brooding and Productivity of a Neotropical Migrant, the Black-Throated Blue Warbler (Dendroica caerulescens), in an Unfragmented Temperate Forest

“…Despite the seeming plethora of studies on the life histories and breeding biologies of North American passerine birds (e.g. Bent 1953, Morse 1989), few studies have been sufficiently detailed and have involved sufficiently large numbers of individually-marked birds over a series of years to provide reliable information on the diverse components of reproductive performance and productivity (Martin 1991 Holmes 1990). The forest at Hubbard Brook consists of unfragmented northern hardwoods, contiguous with large expanses of similar forests in the surrounding White Mountain National Forest, and is dominated by sugar maple (Acer saccharum), American beech (Fagus grandifolia), and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis), with occasional white ash (Fraxinus americana), red spruce (Picea rubens), eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), and balsam fir (Abies balsamea).…”

Birds of the St. Croix River Valley: Minnesota and Wisconsin

“…Breeding Bird Survey data ( Habitat: Bent (1953) described the breeding habitat of the Connecticut warbler as consisting of tamarack bogs or wet coniferous forest. However, Robbins (1974a) reported this warbler in fairly large densities in monotypic stands of jack pine.…”