Life histories of large, grazing copepods in a subarctic ocean gyre: Neocalanus plumchrus, Neocalanus cristatus, and Eucalanus bungii in the Northeast Pacific

Miller, Charles B.; Frost, Bruce W.; Batchelder, Harold P.; Clemons, Martha J.; Conway, Richard E.

doi:10.1016/0079-6611(84)90009-0

Cited by 288 publications

(192 citation statements)

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“…Overwintering C5 specimens develop to adults, spawn during autumn to winter at depth and lipid-rich eggs and nauplii ascend to the surface along with their development in spring (Kobari and Ikeda, 1999;Tsuda et al, 2004). Thus, N. cristatus depends on the lipids stored during the previous spring bloom for somatic maintenance and reproduction as do other Neocalanus species in the subarctic Pacific Ocean (Fulton, 1973;Miller et al, 1984;Saito and Tsuda, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kotani (2006) followed up on this hypothesis and suggested that copepods storing triacylglycerols as reserve lipids may overwinter without a period of dormancy. However, it is evident that E. bungii migrates deeper than 500 m and undergoes diapause from autumn until early spring (Miller et al, 1984;Tsuda et al, 2004;Shoden et al, 2005;Yamaguchi et al, 2011). All specimens from December and also some from the other seasons in our study were collected deeper than 500 m ( Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This lipid accumulation mode of N. cristatus supports the copepod to maintain the stable life history patterns that do not depend on the environmental changes widespread in the subarctic North Pacific Ocean. On the other hand, E. bungii has different life history patterns between the Oyashio region and eastern subarctic gyre of North Pacific, i.e., timing of the life cycle in the Oyashio region is two months earlier than that in the eastern gyre (Miller et al, 1984;Tsuda et al, 2004). But this difference can be simply explained by the difference of the timing of peak primary production in the two areas (Tsuda et al, 2004).…”

Section: Neocalanus Cristatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipid and fatty acid/alcohol compositions of the subarctic copepods Neocalanus cristatus and Eucalanus bungii from various depths in the Oyashio region, western North Pacific

Yamada

Nishida

Graeve

et al. 2016

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry an

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Lipids of Neocalanus cristatus and Eucalanus bungii (C3 to adults), collected in March, May, and December from various depths (0-2000 m) were studied in the Oyashio region, western North Pacific. Total lipid and wax ester contents of younger N. cristatus stages increased during the development, being higher in May than in March and December. Major fatty acids of younger N. cristatus were 16:0, 20:5(n−3), and 22:6(n−3) and the dominant alcohols were 16:0, 16:1(n − 7), 20:1(n − 9)/(n −11) and 22:1(n −11). The energy-rich 20:1 and 22:1 moieties increased from the younger to the adult stages showing the importance of lipid biosynthesis which may be advantageous for successful overwintering and reproduction at depth. The 16:4(n − 1) fatty acid, characteristic of a diatom diet increased in May, particularly in the younger stages. Our results suggest that the diatom-dominated feeding mode of younger N. cristatus during the spring bloom is important for an effective accumulation of wax esters. In contrast to N. cristatus, E. bungii accumulated substantial amounts of triacylglycerols. The total lipid and triacylglycerol content increased slightly toward the older developmental stages. The major fatty acids were 16:0, 16:1(n−7), 18:1(n−9) and (n−7), and 20:5(n−3). There was no evidence of developmental or seasonal changes in the fatty acid composition. The differences in the lipid storage modes of both copepods via wax esters or triacylglycerols are species-specific but their fatty acid compositions varied according to diet and developmental stage, especially in N. cristatus. These lipid characteristics are discussed in relation to reproduction, feeding modes, diapause and overwintering strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neocalanus Cristatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipid and fatty acid/alcohol compositions of the subarctic copepods Neocalanus cristatus and Eucalanus bungii from various depths in the Oyashio region, western North Pacific

Yamada

Nishida

Graeve

et al. 2016

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry an

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“…This is because metazooplankton at subarctic and transitional stations includes dormant stages of large grazing copepods (Neocalanus cristatus, N. plumchrus, N. flemingeri and Eucalanus bungii), all characterized by ceased feeding, lowered metabolism and a large accumulation of lipids in their body (Miller et al, 1984;Kobari and Ikeda, 1999). These copepods grow rapidly to pre-adult stages in the upper layers during the productive spring-early summer season and sink to the meso-or bathypelagic 14 zone in mid-or late summer for transforming into adults and entering reproduction.…”

Section: Latitude Vs Community Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the subarctic and transitional regions, the present study season (August-November) corresponds to the period when all diapausing copepods nearly or totally completed migration from the surface layer to mesopelatic/bathypelagic zones (Miller et al, 1984).…”

Section: Latitude Vs Community Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Latitudinal Differences in the Planktonic Biomass and Community Structure Down to the Greater Depths in the Western North Pacific

Yamaguchi

Watanabe²,

Ishida³

et al. 2004

Journal of Oceanography

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As part of the research program WEST-COSMIC Phase I (1997, vertical profiles down to the greater depths (0-2000 m or 5800 m) of the plankton community structure composed of heterotrophic bacteria, phytoplankton, protozooplankton and metazooplankton were studied at one station in each subarctic (44˚N) and in transitional region (39˚N), and two stations in subtropical region (30˚N and 25˚N); all in 137-155˚E in the western North Pacific Ocean. The biomass of all four taxonomic groups decreased rapidly with increasing depths at all stations, although the magnitude of depth-related decrease differed among the groups. As plankton community structure, metazooplankiton biomass and bacterial biomass occupied >50% of the total in 0-2000 and 2000-4000 or 5000 m strata, respectively, at subarctic and transitional stations, while bacterial biomass contributed to >50% of the total consistently from 0 through 4800 or 5800 m at subtropical stations. Metazooplankton biomass integrated over the greater depths exhibited a clear latitudinal pattern (high north and low south), but this was not the case for those of the other taxonomic groups. As a component of metazooplankton, an appreciable contribution of diapausing copepods to the metazooplankton was noted at subarctic and transitional stations, but they were few or nil at subtropical stations.As protozooplankton assemblages, heterotrophic microflagellates (HMF) and dinoflagellates were two major components at subarctic and transitional stations, but were only HMF predominated at subtropical stations.From biomass ratios between heterotrophic bacteria, HMF and dinoflagellates, "sinking POC-DOC-heterotrophic bacteria-HMF-heterotrophic dinoflagellates" link was proposed as a microbial food chain operative in the deep layer of the western NorthPacific. All results are discussed in the light of latitudinal differences in the structure and functioning of plankton community contributing to the 'biological pump' in the western North Pacific Ocean.

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Joint species distribution modeling reveals a changing prey landscape for North Pacific right whales on the Bering shelf

Wright,

Kimmel,

Roberson

et al. 2023

Ecological Applications

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The eastern North Pacific right whale (NPRW) is the most endangered population of whale and has been observed north of its core feeding ground in recent years with low sea ice extent. Sea ice and water temperature are important drivers for zooplankton dynamics within the whale's core feeding ground in the southeastern Bering Sea, seasonally forming stable fronts along the shelf that give rise to distinct zooplankton communities. A northward shift in NPRW distribution driven by changing distribution of prey resources could put this species at increased risk of entanglement and vessel strikes. We modeled the abundance of NPRW prey, Calanus glacialis, Neocalanus, and Thysanoessa species, using a dynamic biophysical food web model of nine zooplankton guilds in the Bering shelf zooplankton community during a period of warming (2006‐2016). This model is unique from prior zooplankton studies from the region in that it includes density dependence, thereby allowing us to ask whether species interactions influence zooplankton dynamics. Modeling confirmed the importance of sea ice and ocean temperature to zooplankton dynamics in the region. Density‐independent growth drove community dynamics while dependent factors were comparatively minimal. Overall, Calanus responded to environment terms, with the strength and direction of response driven by copepodite stage. Neocalanus and Thysanoessa responses were weaker, likely due to their primary occurrence on the outer shelf. We also modeled the steady‐state (equilibrium) abundance of Calanus in conditions with and without wind gusts to test whether advection of outer shelf species might disrupt steady‐state dynamics of Calanus abundance; results did not support disruption. Given the annual fall sampling design, we interpret our results as follows: low‐ice extent winters induced stronger spring winds and weakened fronts on the shelf, thereby advecting some outer shelf species into the study region; increased development rates in these warm conditions influenced the proportion of C. glacialis copepodite stages over the season. Residual correlation suggests missing drivers, possibly predators and phytoplankton bloom composition. Given the continued loss of sea ice in the region and projected continued warming, our findings suggest that C. glacialis will move northward, and thus, whales may move northward to continue targeting them.

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Life histories of large, grazing copepods in a subarctic ocean gyre: Neocalanus plumchrus, Neocalanus cristatus, and Eucalanus bungii in the Northeast Pacific

Cited by 288 publications

References 18 publications

Lipid and fatty acid/alcohol compositions of the subarctic copepods Neocalanus cristatus and Eucalanus bungii from various depths in the Oyashio region, western North Pacific

Lipid and fatty acid/alcohol compositions of the subarctic copepods Neocalanus cristatus and Eucalanus bungii from various depths in the Oyashio region, western North Pacific

Latitudinal Differences in the Planktonic Biomass and Community Structure Down to the Greater Depths in the Western North Pacific

Joint species distribution modeling reveals a changing prey landscape for North Pacific right whales on the Bering shelf

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