Life cycle of Carybdea marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758 (Cubozoa, Carybdeidae) reveals metamorphosis to be a modified strobilation

Straehler-Pohl, Ilka; Jarms, Gerhard

doi:10.1007/s00227-005-0031-4

Cited by 64 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…We were able to induce strobilation in 7 of the 17 populations using cues known to be effective for Aurelia species, including a decrease in temperature and, in some cases, the addition of KI (Berrill 1949;Spangenberg 1967;see Lucas et al 2012). Spangenberg (1964) discovered that scyphistomae with large calices produce more ephyrae than small scyphistomae and still have enough energy to regenerate the residuum (Straehler-Pohl & Jarms 2005). Scyphistomae are often larger when grown at low salinities and low temperatures (Schroth et al 2002;Willcox et al 2007) and could therefore produce more ephyrae than smaller scyphistomae in warmer waters, possibly due to higher availability of tissue.…”

Section: A B Gambill M and Jarms G Comparison Of Different Life Stagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Aurelia (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) species be differentiated by comparing their scyphistomae and ephyrae?

Jarms

Gambill

2014

EJT

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Abstract. Debate exists regarding the number of species of the moon jellyfish (genus Aurelia), a common member of the planktonic community of the coastal shelf seas around the world. Three Aurelia congeners (A. aurita, A. labiata and A. limbata) are currently considered to exist but recent genetic analyses suggested that this is an oversimplification. We analyzed the morphological characteristics of scyphistomae, morphological characteristics of ephyrae and differences in the time span of the strobilation process of Aurelia congeners from 17, 7 and 6 different source populations, respectively, of known species. Morphological characteristics of scyphistomae were similar among the 17 populations but those of ephyrae, such as the shape and form of lappets, were effective discriminators in the 6 cases examined. We recommend identifying species based on differences in 1) the morphological characteristics of scyphistomae and ephyrae (and not only medusae), 2) the genetics of individuals, and 3) the geographical occurrence of the population. This study adds to the growing body of knowledge on scyphozoan scyphistomae and ephyrae, stages of the metagenic life cycle of scyphozoans that have received relatively little study compared to medusae.

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Section: A B Gambill M and Jarms G Comparison Of Different Life Stagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Aurelia (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) species be differentiated by comparing their scyphistomae and ephyrae?

Jarms

Gambill

2014

EJT

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“…Since this particular culture has served as the stock for several important experiments on Carybdea development (e.g. Stangl et al 2002;Fisher & Hofmann 2004;Straehler-Pohl & Jarms 2005), it is vital to confirm the identification of the polyps by either rearing medusae to adulthood or collecting fresh material from the Caribbean for genetic comparisons. Inclusion of C. marsupialis from close to its type locality in Italy in future phylogenetic studies should also help shed light on this issue.…”

Section: (D) Biogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge these polyps were originally obtained by B. Werner some 40 years ago in La Paguera, Puerto Rico (A. C. Arneson 2008, personal communication) and used for life cycle studies (e.g. Werner et al 1971;Straehler-Pohl & Jarms 2005). Alatina spp.…”

Section: (D) Biogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of box jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa), a group of highly toxic invertebrates

et al. 2009

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Cubozoa (Cnidaria: Medusozoa) represents a small clade of approximately 50 described species, some of which cause serious human envenomations. Our understanding of the evolutionary history of Cubozoa has been limited by the lack of a sound phylogenetic hypothesis for the group. Here, we present a comprehensive cubozoan phylogeny based on ribosomal genes coding for near-complete nuclear 18S (small subunit) and 28S (large subunit) and partial mitochondrial 16S. We discuss the implications of this phylogeny for our understanding of cubozoan venom evolution, biogeography and life-history evolution. Our phylogenetic hypothesis suggests that: (i) the last common ancestor of Carybdeida probably possessed the mechanism(s) underlying Irukandji syndrome, (ii) deep divergences between Atlantic and Indo-Pacific clades may be explained by ancient vicariant events, and (iii) sexual dimorphism evolved a single time in concert with complex sexual behaviour. Furthermore, several cubozoan taxa are either para-or polyphyletic, and we address some of these taxonomic issues by designating a new family, Carukiidae, a new genus, Copula, and by redefining the families Tamoyidae and Tripedaliidae. Lastly, cubozoan species identities have long been misunderstood and the data presented here support many of the recent scientific descriptions of cubozoan species. However, the results of a phylogeographic analysis of Alatina moseri from Hawai'i and Alatina mordens from Australia indicate that these two nominal species represent a single species that has maintained metapopulation cohesion by natural or anthropogenic dispersal.

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“…However, a complete life cycle has been described only for Tripedalia cystophora Conant, 1897 (Werner et al 1971, Werner 1973a, 1975, 1976a, 1983, Laska-Mehnert 1985, although parts of the life cycles are known for Carybdea brevipedalia (Kishinouye, 1891) (Okada 1927, as Carybdea rastoni Haacke, 1886, Carybdea marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758 (Studebaker 1972, Cutress & Studebaker 1973, Stangl et al 2002, Straehler-Pohl & Jarms 2005, Alatina alata (Reynaud, 1830) (Arneson & Cutress 1976, as Carybdea alata Reynaud, 1830, Chironex fleckeri Southcott, 1956 (Yamaguchi & Hartwick 1980, Hartwick 1991a, Copula sivickisi (Stiasny, 1926) (Hartwick 1991b, Lewis & Long 2005, Lewis et al 2008, as Carybdea sivickisi Stiasny, 1926, and Carybdea morandinii Straehler-Pohl & Jarms, 2011(Straehler-Pohl & Jarms 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and polyp formation of the giant box jellyfish Morbakka virulenta (Kishinouye, 1910) (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) collected from the Seto Inland Sea, western Japan

Toshino

Miyake

Ohtsuka

et al. 2013

Plankton Benthos Res

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Abstract:The giant cubozoan Morbakka virulenta was collected from the central part of the Seto Inland Sea, western Japan in October 2009, in order to observe its development and polyp formation. Fertilization occurred externally. Demersal fertilized eggs were obtained during the incubation of mature females and males kept at a temperature of ca. 17 to 21°C. From the two-cell stage onwards, fertilized eggs developed into blastulae within 4 h. The development of the blastulae stopped for 21 days after forming blastocysts. This formation of blastocysts is up to now unique within the Cnidaria. The planulae, which developed inside the cysts and lacked larval ocelli, this being characteristic for the Cubozoa, finally metamorphosed into polyps bearing only a single tentacle. The 16-tentacledstage in polyps was reached about three months after this metamorphosis. Budding occurred in eight-tentacled polyps and swimming polyps were released nine days after the commencement of budding. These unique developmental features of M. virulenta may shed additional light on the evolution of life history strategies in the Cnidaria.

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Life cycle of Carybdea marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758 (Cubozoa, Carybdeidae) reveals metamorphosis to be a modified strobilation

Cited by 64 publications

References 11 publications

Can Aurelia (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) species be differentiated by comparing their scyphistomae and ephyrae?

Can Aurelia (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) species be differentiated by comparing their scyphistomae and ephyrae?

Evolution of box jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa), a group of highly toxic invertebrates

Development and polyp formation of the giant box jellyfish Morbakka virulenta (Kishinouye, 1910) (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) collected from the Seto Inland Sea, western Japan

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