Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of furniture and bioenergy production from oil palm trunks

Rettenmaier, Nils; Keller, H.; Reinhardt, Guido A.

doi:10.1111/gcbb.12085

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Under the test conditions, it was observed that the impact properties of loss energy and damping index decreased with increasing fiber content. The impact behavior of composites of green composite oil palm frond is nevertheless, noted to be with observed in both natural and synthetic fibres as reinforcements in composite production, as reported by Sreekala et al [5]. …”

Section: Izod Impact Strength Propertiessupporting

confidence: 53%

“…When compared with other natural plants, oil palm frond fibres are tough, and generally exhibit moderate degrees of elasticity and plasticity [4], additionally, oil palm stem and frond fibres are noted to contain large amount of lignin, with very porous and lacuna-like cross-section with varying diameters, which affect their mechanical properties, such as high ductility, but with lower tensile strength than most other natural plant fibres. Recent studies indicate that oil palm industries continually attempt to increase the sustainability of palm oil value chain by utilizing all co-products, including the issues of life cycle greenhouse emissions of furniture and bioenergy production from oil palm trunks [5]. The utilization of oil palm frond fibre in composite production for other applications will no doubt compliment the value chain realization goal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploration of Green Composites of Oil Palm Frond for Low Strength-Moderate Flexure Building Applications

Anyakora¹,

Mudiare²

2018

int. jour. eng. com. sci

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Abstract:The exploration of new materials with comparative performance at affordable costs facilitated the outcome of emerging innovative products of green composite materials. In the current work, natural oil palm frond fibres were used in long and random fiber form as reinforcement in polyester matrix to fabricate green composites using the hand layup technique. Some mechanical, physical and processing property tests were conducted to elucidate the utilization potentials of green composites of oil palm frond fibre in the building industry. In overall, the results showed that the tensile strength and impact strength properties decreased with the increase in fibre loading. The modulus of elasticity increased with the increase in fibre loading up to 60wt. % before dropping. The values of both the flexural strength properties and modulus of rigidity increased with the increase in fibre loading. Even though the fibres were used without surface treatment in this work, the result of respective values of 0.07, 4.27% and 2.08 for the mould linear shrinkage, porosity and specific gravity, including a low water absorption uptake of 6.98%, propounds an indication that green composites of oil palm frond could be acceptable in areas of low strength and moderate flexure applications in the building industry.

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Section: Izod Impact Strength Propertiessupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of Green Composites of Oil Palm Frond for Low Strength-Moderate Flexure Building Applications

Anyakora¹,

Mudiare²

2018

int. jour. eng. com. sci

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“…The preceding discussion suggests traditional resin as a hot spot for formaldehyde emissions. This synthetic resin greatly influences primary environmental impact categories for two reasons: First, the composition of PF is basically of fossil origin, especially phenol obtained from fossil resources due to environmental factors related to the use of fossil fuels; and second, free formaldehyde is released into the air during the subsystems of veneer compositing, gluing, and hot pressing [19,20,21]. Therefore, we propose solutions to improve the environmental performance of plywood based on reducing consumption of PF resin and replacing petroleum-based phenol with bio-oil produced by biomass fast pyrolysis; such pyrolysis contains many phenolic compounds, such as phenol, guaiacol, and 4-methyl guaiacol that can be condensed with formaldehyde [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment of Plywood Manufacturing Process in China

Jia

Chu

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Life cycle assessment (LCA) has been an important issue in the development of a circular economy. LCA is used to identify environmental impacts and hotspots associated with plywood manufacturing. Based on our results and a literature review of LCA studies involving plywood, a sustainable and environmentally friendly scenario was proposed for the plywood processing industry to improve environmental performance and sustainability. This study covers the life cycle of plywood production from a cradle-to-gate perspective, including raw material preparation and plywood manufacturing and processing to analysis of environment impacts and hotspots. Analysis of abiotic depletion (ADP), acidification effect (AP), primary energy depletion (PED), freshwater eutrophication (EP), global warming potential (GWP), and particulate matter (RI) were selected as major impact categories in this study. All data were obtained from on-site measurements (plywood production) and investigations of the Eco-invent database and CLCD database (upstream data of materials and energy). These data can be ignored when environmental contributions comprise less than 0.001% of environmental impact and auxiliary material quality is less than 0.01% of total raw material consumption. An eco-design strategy with eco-alternatives was proposed: pyrolysis bio-oil can be used to produce green resin to replace traditional phenolic formaldehyde (PF) resin to decrease the impacts of GWP, PED, AP, PM, and especially ADP and EP. A new technology of gluing green wood was used to replace conventional plywood production technology; wood waste could undergo a gasification process to produce resultant gas rather than combusting. Plywood was also compared with other wood-based panels in China to identify additional scenarios to improve environmental sustainability.

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“…(Yuan et al 2019) Such approaches not only can reduce carbon emissions, but also they follow the guidelines of sustainable design. For example, oil palm trunks with no commercial value in the palm oil industry chain usually decays into waste, but using them to make furniture can effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions, although the energy consumption of wood processing is higher due to material properties (Rettenmaier et al 2014) Compared with wood materials, the auxiliary materials of solid wood furniture are all high-emission materials. Therefore, reducing the use of chemical agents and metal connectors is the primary goal.…”

Section: Carbon Reduction Materials Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on carbon reduction analysis during the design and manufacture of solid wood furniture

Zhu

Wang

2021

BioRes

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Reducing carbon emissions is the direction various industries will head in the future. Solid wood furniture products that occupy important market shares have high carbon reduction potential. This article briefly describes the carbon footprint of the solid wood furniture production process. In addition, it analyzes the feasible carbon reduction technologies applicable during the design and manufacturing process through the potential emission reduction-oriented approach, ranging from the upstream raw materials to overall power consumption. The primary carbon reduction potential points entail the high efficiency and reuse of primary materials, the reduction of auxiliary materials, and the optimization of solid wood processing based on spraying and dust removal. In this study, the carbon reduction design of solid wood furniture primarily covers the design methods, material selection, structural design, and packaging design. The carbon reduction manufacturing technology was analyzed from a process, equipment, and management aspect. It is hoped that this study can provide a reference for the future strategic design of solid wood furniture companies, which will promote low-carbon development in the wood furniture industry.

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Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of furniture and bioenergy production from oil palm trunks

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Exploration of Green Composites of Oil Palm Frond for Low Strength-Moderate Flexure Building Applications

Exploration of Green Composites of Oil Palm Frond for Low Strength-Moderate Flexure Building Applications

Life Cycle Assessment of Plywood Manufacturing Process in China

A review on carbon reduction analysis during the design and manufacture of solid wood furniture

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