Life cycle cost and sensitivity analysis of a hydrogen system using low-price electricity in China

Li, Yuehua; Chen, D.W.; Liu, M.; Wang, R.Z.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.12.149

Cited by 62 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Due to the various ways of producing, storing, and transporting hydrogen, there is a large difference in the hydrogen life cycle cost . Ahmadi and Kjeang divided the life cycle of a passenger vehicle into a fuel cycle and a vehicle cycle.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal siting and sizing of hydrogen refueling stations considering distributed hydrogen production and cost reduction for regional consumers

Sun

et al. 2019

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are currently facing two difficulties in achieving their general use: the lack of hydrogen refueling stations and high hydrogen prices. Hydrogen refueling stations are the middle stage for delivering hydrogen from its sources to consumers, and their location could be affected by the distributed locations of hydrogen sources and consumers. The reasonable siting and sizing of hydrogen refueling stations could both improve the hydrogen infrastructure and reduce regional consumers' cost of using hydrogen. By considering the hydrogen life cycle cost and using a commercial volume forecasting model, this paper creates a relatively thorough and comprehensive model for hydrogen station siting and sizing with the objective of achieving the optimal costs for consumers using hydrogen. The cost‐based model includes the selection of the hydrogen sources, transportation methods, and storage methods, and thus, the hydrogen supply chain can also be optimized. A numerical example is established in Section 4 with the solution algorithm and results.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal siting and sizing of hydrogen refueling stations considering distributed hydrogen production and cost reduction for regional consumers

Sun

et al. 2019

Int J Energy Res

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“…In this paper, the capital cost of these components and those of a central electrolyser (which has the same components, but at larger scale), plus fixed costs, were covered by a bank loan with a 0.07% interest rate (ir) over seven years (Y). The costs of forecourt components are extracted from many studies and reports [34,[61][62][63][64] and are given in Table 7 below: The capital cost of the forecourt components are presented in Equations (15) to (20) below.…”

Section: Hydrogen Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispatchable Hydrogen Production at the Forecourt for Electricity Demand Shaping

Rahil

Gammon

2017

Sustainability

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Environmental issues and concerns about depletion of fossil fuels have driven rapid growth in the generation of renewable energy (RE) and its use in electricity grids. Similarly, the need for an alternative to hydrocarbon fuels means that the number of fuel cell vehicles is also expected to increase. The ability of electricity networks to balance supply and demand is greatly affected by the variable, intermittent output of RE generators; however, this could be relieved using energy storage and demand-side response (DSR) techniques. One option would be production of hydrogen by electrolysis powered from wind and solar sources. The use of tariff structures would provide an incentive to operate electrolysers as dispatchable loads. The aim of this paper is to compare the cost of hydrogen production by electrolysis at garage forecourts in Libya, for both dispatchable and continuous operation, without interruption of fuel supply to vehicles. The coastal city of Derna was chosen as a case study, with the renewable energy being produced via a wind turbine farm. Wind speed was analysed in order to determine a suitable turbine, then the capacity was calculated to estimate how many turbines would be needed to meet demand. Finally, the excess power was calculated, based on the discrepancy between supply and demand. The study looked at a hydrogen refueling station in both dispatchable and continuous operation, using an optimisation algorithm. The following three scenarios were considered to determine whether the cost of electrolytic hydrogen could be reduced by a lower off-peak electricity price. These scenarios are: Standard Continuous, in which the electrolyser operates continuously on a standard tariff of 12 p/kWh; Off-peak Only, in which the electrolyser operates only during off-peak periods at the lower price of 5 p/kWh; and 2-Tier Continuous, in which the electrolyser operates continuously on a low tariff at off-peak times and a high tariff at other times. The results indicate that Scenario 2 produced the cheapest electricity at £2.90 per kg of hydrogen, followed by Scenario 3 at £3.80 per kg, and the most expensive was Scenario 1 at £6.90 per kg.

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“…Oil, coal, natural gas, as well as biomass and water can be used as primary sources for H 2 production, by way of conventional methods such as by-product purified from fossil fuel processing, methane steam reforming, water electrolysis, or novel methods such as wastewater treatment and photolysis of algae [2, 4,5]. Nearly 96% of the current global hydrogen is made from the hydrocarbon feedstock, and another 4% comes from water [2, 5,6]. Not considering the cost of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) which is essential for greenhouse gas abatement for fossil fuel pathways [7], hydrocarbon feedstock can render cheap hydrogen for industry applications [6,8e10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not considering the cost of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) which is essential for greenhouse gas abatement for fossil fuel pathways [7], hydrocarbon feedstock can render cheap hydrogen for industry applications [6,8e10]. While water electrolysis by renewable electricity is regarded as the cleanest commercial method to produce high-quality hydrogen for vehicular use, the wind-or solar-based electricity is still more expensive than the electricity generated from natural gas or coal [6,11]. The technical routes and the related investment, natural resource reserves and local energy/electricity price, etc., significantly affect the H 2 production cost [12] which could vary between USD 1.21/kg-H 2 to USD 24.0/kg-H 2 [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From a life cycle perspective, water electrolysis by renewable electricity is the most suitable method to render zero-carbon hydrogen for vehicles in the long run [26]. But the cost of renewable H 2 from water is very sensitive to electrolysis efficiency and the electricity price [6], and the latter one is influenced by the availability and reserves of water, wind, solar and other renewable resources and the investment of power plants and distribution grids [14,25]. Tube trailer delivery is the cheapest option for short journey transport ( 50 km) due to its limited capacity, while liquid and pipeline delivery would be the options for large-volume and long-journey delivery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A solution to renewable hydrogen economy for fuel cell buses – A case study for Zhangjiakou in North China

Zhang

Zhang²,

Xie³

2020

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Life cycle cost and sensitivity analysis of a hydrogen system using low-price electricity in China

Cited by 62 publications

References 38 publications

Optimal siting and sizing of hydrogen refueling stations considering distributed hydrogen production and cost reduction for regional consumers

Optimal siting and sizing of hydrogen refueling stations considering distributed hydrogen production and cost reduction for regional consumers

Dispatchable Hydrogen Production at the Forecourt for Electricity Demand Shaping

A solution to renewable hydrogen economy for fuel cell buses – A case study for Zhangjiakou in North China

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