Life cycle assessment of fuel cell systems for light duty vehicles, current state-of-the-art and future impacts

Usai, Lorenzo; Hung, Christine Roxanne; Vásquez, Felipe; Windsheimer, Max; Burheim, Odne Stokke; Strømman, Anders Hammer

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125086

Cited by 56 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…is one of the most up to date pieces of research regarding FC production, in which they found that current production methods released ≈50 kg CO2e/kW [14]. This gives conservative results compared to an older study performed in 2017 by S. Evangelisti et al [15], which calculated the emissions at ≈110 kg CO2e/kW.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…This has become a recent area of interest, with L.Usai [14] producing a study in 2021 for light duty applications, modeling the production of an 80 kW fuel cell (FC) [14]. This is one of the most up to date pieces of research regarding FC production, in which they found that current production methods released ≈50 kg CO 2 e/kW [14]. This gives conservative results compared to an older study performed in 2017 by S. Evangelisti et al [15], which calculated the emissions at ≈110 kg CO 2 e/kW.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Propulsion Systems for Heavy-Duty Transport Applications

Simons

Azimov

2021

Energies

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To meet climate change challenges, the UK government is aiming to reach zero emissions by 2050. The heavy-duty transportation sector contributes 17% to the UKs total emissions, so to combat this, alternative power units to traditional fossil fuel-reliant internal combustion engines (ICEs) are being utilized and investigated. Hydrogen fuel cells are a key area of interest to try and reduce these transportation emissions. To gain a true view of the impact that hydrogen fuel cells can have, this study looks at the impact the manufacturing of a fuel cell has upon the environment, from material extraction through to the usage phase. This was done through the use of a lifecycle assessment following ISO 14040 standards, with hydrogen systems being compared to alternative systems. This study has found that whilst fuel cells depend upon energy intensive materials for their construction, it is possible to reduce emissions by 34–87% compared to ICE systems, depending upon the source of hydrogen used. This study shows that hydrogen fuel cells are a viable option for heavy-duty transport that can be utilized to meet the target emissions reduction level by 2050.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Propulsion Systems for Heavy-Duty Transport Applications

Simons

Azimov

2021

Energies

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“…The life cycle assessment (LCA) has been widely utilized to assess the environmental footprints across the EV's life cycle phases, including material extraction, manufacturing, usage, and end-of-life (Sen, Kucukvar, Onat, & Tatari, 2020;Sen, Onat, Kucukvar, & Tatari, 2019;Onat et al 2014Onat et al a,b, 2019. Usai et al (2021) conducted an LCA on fuel cell systems for fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEVs) technologies to understand the environmental impacts associated with the use of FCEVs in the United States. A technological development assessment to identify the ecological footprint impact was conducted using a combination of secondary platinum mixed with the renewable source of energy as an advanced technology alternative.…”

Section: Life Cycle Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

How eco‐efficient are electric vehicles across Europe? A regionalized life cycle assessment‐based eco‐efficiency analysis

Onat

Abdella

Küçükvar

et al. 2021

Sustainable Development

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Sustainable transportation is at the hearth of the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and is directly linked to many SDGs including SDG3 (good health and well-being), SDG11 (sustainable cities and societies), SDG 7 (clean energy), SDG13 (climate), and SDG 12 (sustainable production and consumption). European countries have been promoting a widespread adoption of electric vehicles to achieve SDGs through resilient, technology-driven, and human-centric mobility. However, potential environmental benefits of electric vehicles depend on various regional factors such as the fuel efficiency and source of electricity generation. At the same time, the economic benefits of mobility to the economy are an important factor for evaluating the relative performance of electric vehicles. To this end, this research paper presents the first empirical analysis of the regionalized eco-efficiency assessment of electric vehicles across Europe. We developed an integrated regionalized eco-efficiency performance score, by employing life cycle assessment and principal component analysis techniques to assess the eco-efficiency performance of electric vehicles in Europe. Considering the energy mix for electricity generation, three environmental indicators (carbon footprint, water consumption, and energy use) and one economic (contribution to national gross domestic product) indicator were used to compute the eco-efficiency scores for 28 European countries. The eco-efficiency scores for each corresponding country were calculated, compared, and clustered in as high, medium, and low eco-efficiency score countries. The clvalid package of R software's archive network is used to determine the optimal number of clusters for the EES dataset. The results of the comparative study

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“…154 Similarly life of fuel cell is also a vital factor in fuel cell based EV. 155 Factors responsible for such issues need special attention during an EMS design. Major factors can be classified under (a) vehicle related, (b) driver related, (c) environment related which causes severe effects on source life cycle.…”

Section: Major Issues and Challenges Faced By Evmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on hybrid source energy management strategies for electric vehicle

Kashyap

Castelino

2021

Int J Energy Res

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Electric and hybrid electric vehicle technology demonstrates a performance to replace the internal combustion engines (ICE) in the current scenario. It attracts attention with improved fuel or energy efficiency with lower emissions. The overall system performance depends on powertrains, types of energy sources, electro-electronic interfaces, and energy management strategies (EMS). Significant issues of battery-powered electric vehicles (EV) are effects on the range, battery life, EV performance, battery maintenance, and replacement cost. Hybrid power source system (HPSS) solves EV challenges to a large extent. A hybrid combination of battery and supercapacitor (SC) to power the EV enhances the overall performance and life of the vehicle. Learning and integrated-based EMSs are gaining attention, with their ability in accurate and fast response in power handling among various sources. This paper analyses various DC-DC converter topologies of HPSS and compares multiple EMS with recent developments. In the context of challenges involved in EVs and research gaps that are discussed in the paper, EMSs need to be enhanced. The EMSs must consider the inputs for varying driving behaviors, road traffic, load, and environmental conditions to assure the flexibility of EV among different users across the globe. This is achieved by the management of SC power available to support the vehicle during sudden power requirements and enabling it to recuperate braking energy to improve the energy efficiency throughout the trip. Lastly, recommending precise research directions to achieve the development and improvement of the EMS and power electronic interfaces. K E Y W O R D Sbattery, electric vehicle (EV), energy management strategies (EMSs), hybrid power source systems (HPSS), supercapacitor (SC)

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Life cycle assessment of fuel cell systems for light duty vehicles, current state-of-the-art and future impacts

Cited by 56 publications

References 20 publications

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Propulsion Systems for Heavy-Duty Transport Applications

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Propulsion Systems for Heavy-Duty Transport Applications

How eco‐efficient are electric vehicles across Europe? A regionalized life cycle assessment‐based eco‐efficiency analysis

A review on hybrid source energy management strategies for electric vehicle

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