Life Cycle Assessment Approach to Evaluation of Environmental Impact Batik Industry

Abstract

Industri batik merupakan salah satu bisnis tekstil yang paling berkembang di Indonesia. Hasil samping dari proses membatik adalah berbagai bentuk limbah, seperti limbah padat dan limbah cair. Pencemaran terutama bersumber dari limbah cair yang berupa zat warna yang dihasilkan sisa bahan pewarna, proses pencucian dan pembilasan kain batik. Pada umumnya limbah industri batik terdiri dari dari sisa mori, ceceran lilin, sisa air pewarnaan, sisa lilin dan air pelorodan. Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi dampak lingkungan dari proses pembuatan batik adalah dengan menggunakan analisis life cycle assessment (LCA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak lingkungan dari proses pembuatan batik dan input bahan baku yang memiliki dampak lingkungan paling signifikan. Analisis dampak lingkungan dilakukan dengan menginventarisasi input dan output berdasarkan database ecoinvent 3 menggunakan software Simapro 9.1.1. Metode analisis dampak lingkungan dilakukan dengan environmental product declaration (EPD) 2018. Hasil analisis gate-to-gate menunjukkan bahwa dampak lingkungan tertinggi adalah pemanasan global. Sedangkan dari sisi penggunaan bahan baku dan energi, parafin perlu diminimalisir. Penggunaan parafin menyumbang 68,705% dari total dampak lingkungan dari proses pembuatan batik.The batik industry is one of the most developed textile businesses in Indonesia. The by-products of the batik-making process are various forms of waste, such as solid waste and wastewater. Pollution mainly comes from liquid waste in the form of dyes produced by residual dyes, washing and rinsing processes for batik cloth. In general, batik industry waste consists of residual mori, spilled wax, residual staining water, wax residue and pelorodan water. This liquid waste is generated due to the use of synthetic dyes in the batik industry. One way to reduce the environmental impact of the batik-making process is by using a life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis. This study aims to analyze the environmental effects of the batik-making process and the raw material input, which has the most significant environmental impact. Environmental impact assessment is carried out by inventorying inputs and outputs based on the ecoinvent 3 databases with Simapro 9.1.1 software. The environmental impact analysis method is carried out with the 2018 environmental product declaration (EPD). The results of the gate-to-gate analysis show that the highest environmental impact is global warming. Meanwhile, from the use of raw materials and energy, paraffin needs to be minimized. The use of paraffin accounts for 68.705% of the total environmental impact of the batik-making process.

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