Life cycle assessment and economic analysis of acidic leaching and baking routes for the production of cobalt oxalate from spent lithium-ion batteries

Anwani, Sandeep; Methekar, Ravi; Ramadesigan, Venkatasailanathan

doi:10.1007/s10163-020-01095-2

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…This work highlights that the acidic process is cheaper compared to alkaline leaching routes. Furthermore, from the analysis of greenhouse gas emissions, it was found that a lower quantity of CO 2 equivalents (4.38 kg) could be produced by using acid leaching instead of the alkaline ones (6.37 kg of CO 2 equivalents) [54], thus producing a lower environmental impact.…”

Section: Economic and Environmental Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Sustainable Recycling Processes Used for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Marchese,

Giosuè,

Staffolani

et al. 2024

Batteries

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can play a crucial role in the decarbonization process that is being tackled worldwide; millions of electric vehicles are already provided with or are directly powered by LIBs, and a large number of them will flood the markets within the next 8–10 years. Proper disposal strategies are required, and sustainable and environmental impacts need to be considered. Despite still finding little applicability in the industrial field, recycling could become one of the most sustainable options to handle the end of life of LIBs. This review reports on the most recent advances in sustainable processing for spent LIB recycling that is needed to improve the LIB value chain, with a special focus on green leaching technologies for Co-based cathodes. Specifically, we provide the main state of the art for sustainable LIB recycling processes, focusing on the pretreatment of spent LIBs; we report on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies on the usage of acids, including mineral as well as organic ones; and summarize the recent innovation for the green recovery of valuable metals from spent LIBs, including electrochemical methods. The advantage of using green leaching agents, such as organic acids, which represent a valuable option towards more sustainable recycling processes, is also discussed. Organic acids can, indeed, reduce the economic, chemical, and environmental impacts of LIBs since post-treatments are avoided. Furthermore, existing challenges are identified herein, and suggestions for improving the effectiveness of recycling are defined.

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Section: Economic and Environmental Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Sustainable Recycling Processes Used for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Marchese,

Giosuè,

Staffolani

et al. 2024

Batteries

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show abstract

“…Hydrometallurgy was mainly aimed at the recovery of Li 2 CO 3 and Co 3 O 4 and had 10,000-ton processing capacity. Anwani et al ( 2020a ) reported a laboratory-level life cycle assessment and economic analysis for cobalt oxalate from waste lithium ion batteries through acid leaching and roasting processes. For 3 g untreated positive electrode materials, the total process consumption of recovering cobalt oxalate was $0.59 and $0.67 for acid leaching and baking processes, respectively.…”

Section: The Methods Of Recovering Lithium Ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Current Process for the Recycling of Spent Lithium Ion Batteries

et al. 2020

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With the development of electric vehicles involving lithium ion batteries as energy storage devices, the demand for lithium ion batteries in the whole industry is increasing, which is bound to lead to a large number of lithium ion batteries in the problem of waste, recycling and reuse. If not handled properly, it will certainly have a negative impact on the environment and resources. Current commercial lithium ion batteries mainly contain transition metal oxides or phosphates, aluminum, copper, graphite, organic electrolytes containing harmful lithium salts, and other chemicals. Therefore, the recycling and reuse of spent lithium ion batteries has been paid more and more attention by many researchers. However, due to the high energy density, high safety and low price of lithium ion batteries have great differences and diversity, the recycling of waste lithium ion batteries has great difficulties. This paper reviews the latest development of the recovery technology of waste lithium ion batteries, including the development of recovery process and products. In addition, the challenges and future economic and application prospects are described.

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“…At present, LCA presents a systematic and refined development trend, and is widely used in farming, the food industry, waste processing, and other industries [38][39][40]. Generally speaking, LCA evaluation mainly includes the following four steps: goal and scope definition, life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis, impact assessment, and results interpretation [41,42]. Goal and scope definition is the premise and foundation of LCA evaluation, which mainly includes defining the system evaluation objective, determining the functional unit, and defining the system boundary [43].…”

Section: Life Cycle Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Environmental Impact and Ecosystem Services in the Process of Land Resource Capitalization—A Case Study of Land Transfer in Fuping, Hebei

et al. 2021

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The contradiction between human and land has always been a problem in the process of development and utilization of land resources. Under such circumstances, relevant government agencies put forward the management concept of land resource capitalization. As an effective policy to implement the conception of land resource capitalization, land transfer is of great significance to reforming rural land systems and liberating productivity in poor areas of Tai-hang Mountain in Hebei. However, how to integrate environmental impact and value evaluation of ecosystem services of land transfer in the process of resource capitalization deserves our attention. This paper takes the land transfer of Fuping, Hebei in Tai-hang Mountain as an example, combined with life cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle cost assessment (LCC), and the methods of value evaluation of ecosystem services to quantify the changes of environmental loads, economic costs, and ecosystem services in the whole process and different stages of land resource capitalization. Moreover, through the sensitivity analysis of key environmental indicators, the possibility of restricting environmental costs is explored. This paper studies land transfer from the direction of the cross-discipline and provides a new idea for land resource management.

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Life cycle assessment and economic analysis of acidic leaching and baking routes for the production of cobalt oxalate from spent lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 16 publications

References 54 publications

An Overview of the Sustainable Recycling Processes Used for Lithium-Ion Batteries

An Overview of the Sustainable Recycling Processes Used for Lithium-Ion Batteries

The Current Process for the Recycling of Spent Lithium Ion Batteries

Integrating Environmental Impact and Ecosystem Services in the Process of Land Resource Capitalization—A Case Study of Land Transfer in Fuping, Hebei

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