Life cycle and population genetics of bird cherry-oat aphids Rhopalosiphum padi in China: an important pest on wheat crops

Responses of holocyclic and anholocyclic Rhopalosiphum padi populations to low‐temperature and short‐photoperiod induction

“…The adult gynoparae and virginoparae of each group were allowed to reproduce for 12 hr on T. aestivum, after which they were removed from the plants. The offspring of these gynoparae and virginoparae were identified as males, oviparae, or gynoparae according to their morphological characteristics after they had molted into their final adult form (Duan et al, 2016;Simon, Rispe, & Sunnucks, 2002). The identified males and oviparae were then randomly divided into two groups; one group (~20 aphids per rearing condition) was still reared individually to observe the life history of each aphid using the same methods described for the life tables; the other group (~30 aphids per rearing condition) was used to observe reproduction on the secondary host (T. aestivum).…”

“…Clones capable of cyclical parthenogenesis persist over many asexual generations during the summer on species that act as their secondary hosts (Poaceae) but form a single sexual generation on their primary host (Prunus L.) (Rispe, Bonhomme, & Simon, 1999;Simon et al, 1991). Empirical studies have identified differences in the responses of R. padi from different regions to a short photoperiod and low temperature (Delmotte, Leterme, Gauthier, Rispe, & Simon, 2002;Duan, Peng, Qiao, & Chen, 2016;Halkett, Plantegenest, Bonhomme, & Simon, 2008;Hulle, Maurice, Rispe, & Simon, 1999;Simon et al, 1996). Intraspecific variation in reproductive strategy has also been studied in other species of the family Aphididae, including Myzus persicae Sulzer (Blackman, 1974;Guillemaud, Mieuzet, & Simon, 2003;Margaritopoulos, Tsitsipis, Goudoudaki, & Blackman, 2002;Vorburger, Sunnucks, & Ward, 2003), Aphis gossypii (Fuller, Chavigny, Lapchin, & Vanlerberghe-Masutti, 1999;Razmjou, Vorburger, Moharramipour, Mirhoseini, & Fathipour, 2010;Slosser, Pinchak, & Rummel, 1989;Stoetzel, Miller, O'Brien, & Graves, 1996), Acyrthosiphon pisum (Kanbe & Akimoto, 2009), and Sitobion avenae (Dedryver, Hullé, Le Gallic, Caillaud, & Simon, 2001;Simon et al, 1999).…”

Differential expression of four vision‐related genes in the bird cherry‐oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi

“…The R. padi holocyclic and anholocyclic lineages used in this study were collected from wheat (Triticum aestivum L., Poaceae) fields in Lanzhou city (36°05 0 N, 103°41 0 E) in June 2013 and the life cycles of the lineages were determined according to Duan et al (2017). The two lineages were reared on T. aestivum seedlings at 24°C, 70% r.h., and L16:D8 h photocycle.…”

“…In a holocyclic life cycle, the cyclical parthenogenesis lineages would engage in sexual reproduction once per year under inductive conditions (low temperature and short photoperiod), with generations of asexuality followed by the production of apterous viviparous females. However, for the anholocyclic life cycle, the obligate parthenogenesis lineages have continuous parthenogenesis throughout the year and do not produce sexual aphid forms under inductive conditions (Simon et al, 2002;Duan et al, 2017). Host-alternating species usually alternate between primary (usually woody) and secondary (herbaceous) host plants, and non-host-alternating species are usually monophagous but may feed on a range of related host plants (Blackman & Eastop, 1994).…”

“…The bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the most abundant aphid pests of cereals, has a global distribution, and has different life cycles under different climatic conditions (Duan et al, 2017). At low temperatures and short photoperiods, cyclical parthenogenetic lineages of R. padi can produce a sexual generation which has aphid forms including male, oviparae, and gynoparae; however, obligate parthenogenetic lineages generated only parthenogenetic offspring, under inducing conditions.…”