Life-cycle analysis of energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, and water consumption in the 2016 MYPP algal biofuel scenarios

Supply Chain Sustainability Analysis of Renewable Hydrocarbon Fuels via Indirect Liquefaction, Fast Pyrolysis, and Hydrothermal Liquefaction: Update of the 2016 State-of-Technology Cases and Design Cases

“…Table 8 lists the direct material, energy, and water consumption for the modeled algae HTL process in the 2015 SOT, the 2016 SOT, and the 2022 revised target cases. For full details regarding the conversion process parameters in the design cases, see the full SCSAs (Cai et al, 2016;Adom et al, 2016;Frank et al, 2016). There is a significant increase in the HOG yield from 2015 SOT to 2016 SOT, as shown in Table 6.…”

“…Wet algal biomass, as undisrupted cells, is converted into a liquid fuel with pressurized water in a condensed phase (Figure 4). The algal biomass cultivation and harvesting model used in this SCSA is the same one developed previously (Frank et al, 2016). After growth, algal biomass is dewatered in three stages up to a final solids content of 20% (on an ash free basis).…”

“…This technical memorandum focuses on the 2016 State of Technology (SOT) technical, economic, and environmental performance of these three fuel production pathways, as well as the 2016 SOT woody feedstock blend production and the 2016 SOT for algae feedstock production. The results of these renewable hydrocarbon fuel pathways in these SCSA analyses update those for the respective 2015 SOT cases (Cai et al, 2016;Adom et al, 2016;Frank et al, 2016), and provide an opportunity to examine the impact of technology improvements of both biomass feedstock production and biofuel production that have been achieved since the 2015 SOTs on the sustainability performance of these renewable transportation fuels. Furthermore, they reflect updates to Argonne National Laboratory's Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET ® ) model, which was released in October 2016 (ANL, 2016).…”

Economic viability of multiple algal biorefining pathways and the impact of public policies

“…(2014), with updated energy requirements for electricity, process heat, and annualized drying from Frank et al (2016). Major mass flows modeled in each HTL sub-system include input biomass at 20% solids by weight, biocrude and biochar yields, an aqueous phase to catalytic hydrothermal gasification (CHG) for nitrogen recovery; and hydrogen flow to the hydrotreater and hydrocracker for biocrude upgrading to diesel and naphtha.…”

“…Each LCI reported associated emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and dinitrogen monoxide, which were normalized on a CO2-equvialent (CO2-eq) basis using the IPCC 100-year global warming equivalency factors for each emission type of 1, 34, and 298, respectively. LCI data for fertilizer inputs were taken from GREET (Argonne National Laboratory, 2017), while CO2 delivery was assumed at 15.1 g CO2-eq kg -1 CO2 (Davis et al, 2016;Frank et al, 2016). The LCI for electricity was assumed to be 600 g CO2-eq kWh -1 based on a U.S. grid energy mix, while that for natural gas was estimated at 60 g CO2-eq MJ -1 (10 g CO2-eq MJ -1 for production and 50 g CO2-eq MJ -1 for combustion).…”