Life Course Perspective on Economic Shocks and Income Inequality Through Age‐Period‐Cohort Analysis: Evidence From Finland

Karonen, Esa; Niemelä, Mikko

doi:10.1111/roiw.12409

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The jump in the income and education gaps in the youngest birth cohort (born from 1985 to 1989) could be related to the steep increase in income inequality that happened right before this birth cohort reached adulthood and entered the labour force. After this steep rise during the turn of the millennium, income inequality has stayed stable (Karonen and Niemelä, 2020). This point of view emphasizes how periodical changes in the economic context can affect different birth cohorts variably depending on the stage of life they are in.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of sugar products and non-alcoholic beverages in the food budget: change across birth cohorts and between socio-economic groups

Kähäri

2021

BFJ

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PurposeThis study investigates how the consumption of sugar products and non-alcoholic beverages has changed across birth cohorts. In addition, this study examines how the socio-economic gaps in the consumption of said products have evolved across birth cohorts.Design/methodology/approachThe research data are drawn from the Finnish household expenditure surveys covering the period 1985–2016 (n = 44,286). An age-period-cohort methodology is utilised through the age-period-cohort-trended lag model. The model assumes that the linear long-term component of change is caused by generations replacing one-another, and that the age effect is similar across cohorts.FindingsSugar products and non-alcoholic beverages occupied a larger portion of more recent birth cohorts' food baskets. Cohort differences were larger in beverage consumption. Lower income was associated with a higher food expenditure share of sugar products in several cohorts. A higher education level was linked to a higher food expenditure share of sugar products in more cohorts than a lower education level. In cohorts born before the 1950s, non-alcoholic beverages occupied a larger portion of the food baskets of the high socio-economic status groups. This gap reversed over time, leading to larger food expenditure shares of non-alcoholic beverages in low socio-economic status groups.Originality/valueThis study assessed how the consumption of sugar products and non-alcoholic beverages has changed across birth cohorts. In addition, this study assessed how socio-economic differences in the consumption of said products have changed. The results highlight that sugar products and non-alcoholic beverages occupy larger portions of more recent birth cohorts’ food baskets. The results also highlight a reversal of socioeconomic differences in non-alcoholic beverage consumption.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of sugar products and non-alcoholic beverages in the food budget: change across birth cohorts and between socio-economic groups

Kähäri

2021

BFJ

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“…To explain the mechanisms underlying the association between birth cohort and chewing ability, it may be helpful to consider social conditions at multiple levels which affect oral health outcomes 33 . At the broadest level, social environmental change (e.g., the nutrition transition [34][35][36] ) may have contributed to improved chewing ability among those born after the 1951 cohort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age period cohort analysis of chewing ability in Korea from 2007 to 2018

Kim

Kawachi

2021

Sci Rep

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There have been marked improvements in oral health in Korea during the past 10 years, including chewing ability. We sought to disentangle age, period, and cohort effects in chewing ability between 2007 and 2018. We analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The main variable was chewing difficulty, which was assessed among participants aged 20 years and older. APC analysis revealed three trends in chewing difficulty: (1) there was an increase in chewing difficulty starting at around 60 years of age (age effect), (2) there was a steady decrease in chewing difficulty during the observation period (period effect), and (3) chewing ability improved with each successive generation born after 1951 (cohort effect). Regarding recent improvements in chewing ability, cohort effects were somewhat more important than period effects.

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“…This is in contrast with occupation as the occupational careers usually begin the earliest at around age 20 and maturity is reached at around age 35 (Härkönen et al, 2016). Regarding income, maturity is achieved even later (after age 40) with substantial country variation, which is around age 40 in the US and after age 50 in Finland (Cheng and Song, 2019;Karonen and Niemelä, 2019). This indicates that parents' influence may also vary in a similar manner according to outcomes.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic background and gene-environment interplay in social stratification across the early life course

Erola¹,

Lehti²,

Baier³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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To what extent are genetic effects on children’s education, occupational standing, and income shaped by their parents’ socioeconomic characteristics? Does the impact vary over their children’s early life course, and are there differences across the social strata? We studied these research questions with Finnish register-based data on 6,542 pairs of twins born from 1975 to 1986. We applied the classical twin design to estimate the relative importance of genes. As outcomes, we compared education, occupation, and income in early adulthood. We found that shared environment influences were negligible in all cases. Notably, the proportion of genetic effects explained by parental characteristics mattered most for education and for occupation only because they were associated with their children’s education—but not for income. We did not find any variation across their early life course; however, we found that genetic influences were stronger among the advantaged families for income and education. Thus, gene-environment interactions (GxE) operate differently for different status-related characteristics. For the unique environment, the pattern was consistent across outcomes as the effect was greater among the advantaged families. Stratification scholars should therefore emphasize the importance of the unique environment as one of the drivers of the intergenerational transmission of social inequalities.

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Life Course Perspective on Economic Shocks and Income Inequality Through Age‐Period‐Cohort Analysis: Evidence From Finland

Cited by 17 publications

References 47 publications

The role of sugar products and non-alcoholic beverages in the food budget: change across birth cohorts and between socio-economic groups

The role of sugar products and non-alcoholic beverages in the food budget: change across birth cohorts and between socio-economic groups

Age period cohort analysis of chewing ability in Korea from 2007 to 2018

Socioeconomic background and gene-environment interplay in social stratification across the early life course

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