Life associated with Baltic Sea ice

Thomas, David N.; Kaartokallio, Hermanni; Tedesco, Letizia; Majaneva, Markus; Piiparinen, Jonna; Eronen-Rasimus, Eeva; Rintala, Janne-Markus; Kuosa, Harri; Blomster, Jaanika; Vainio, Jouni; Granskog, Mats A

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0668-2_9

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Due to our interest in the sea-ice season only, we simplified the standard pelagic BFM of Vichi et al (2007) to include only those functional groups that are also found in the sea-ice environment. These include inorganic nutrients, diatoms and flagellates, bacterioplankton, and single groups of micro-and mesozooplankton (although the latter not allowed to enter the sea ice), as was done previously Thomas et al, 2017). The coupling between the pelagic and sea-ice models required no sea-ice initialization and ensured full mass conservation because the initial concentrations in the sea ice were regulated by the fluxes at the sea ice-ocean interface, as detailed in ; ; Tedesco and Vichi (2014).…”

Section: Nemo-nordic-bfm-si Coupling and Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BFM-SI is a comprehensive stoichiometric biomassbased model directly derived from the pelagic BFM (Vichi et al, 2007(Vichi et al, , 2015. Previously, the model was used to describe Arctic and Baltic sea-ice biota in one-dimensional studies (Tedesco et al, , 2012Tedesco and Vichi, 2014;Thomas et al, 2017). Here, the BFM-SI is used for the first time in a basin-scale application.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, the BFM-SI is used for the first time in a basin-scale application. The first implementations of the BFM-SI were devoted to process studies of the sea-ice ecosystem, with special focus on sea-ice algae and coupling with phytoplankton (Tedesco et al, 2012;Thomas et al, 2017). In an advanced stoichiometrically flexible framework, the model describes the inorganic nutrients nitrate+nitrite (NO x ), ammonium (NH 4 ), phosphate (PO 4 ), silicate (SiO 4 ), two functional groups of algae (i.e., adapted, resembling mostly fast-growing, light-adapted and high-nutrient-demanding diatoms, and survivors, resembling mostly slow-growing, light-acclimated and low-nutrient-tolerant flagellates and others), particulate organic matter (POM), DOM, and gases such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and oxygen (O 2 ), for a total of 22 state variables.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term mesoscale variability of modelled sea-ice primary production in the northern Baltic Sea

Tedesco

Miettunen

et al. 2017

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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We describe a new ocean-sea ice-biogeochemical model, apply it to the Bothnian Bay in the northern Baltic Sea for the time period 1991-2007 and provide the first long-term mesoscale estimates of modelled sea-ice primary production in the northern Baltic Sea. After comparing the available physical and biogeochemical observations within the study area and the time period investigated with the model results, we show the modelled spatial, intra-and interannual variability in sea-ice physical and biogeochemical properties and consider the main factors limiting ice algal primary production. Sea-ice permeability in the studied area was low compared with the polar oceans, which appeared to be a major reason for the generally low primary production rates. Although the sea ice was less saline in the northernmost parts of the basin, these parts were characterized by sea ice with a larger amount of habitable space, higher levels of photosynthetically active radiation and increased macronutrient availability near the coast, which favoured higher algal growth rates. Other parts of the southern central basin were mostly co-limited by less favourable light conditions (i.e., earlier ice breakups associated with fewer sunlight hours) and lower seawater macronutrient concentrations than in the coastal zones. Although a change towards milder winters (i.e., reduced ice cover, thickness and length of the ice season) was previously detected on a half-century timescale and could partly be seen here, analysis of the temporal evolution of sea-icebiogeochemicalpropertiesshowednosignificanttrendsovertime,thoughthesepropertieswere characterized by large interannual variability.

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Section: Nemo-nordic-bfm-si Coupling and Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term mesoscale variability of modelled sea-ice primary production in the northern Baltic Sea

Tedesco

Miettunen

et al. 2017

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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“…Global warming is projected to reduce the sea ice coverage, ice thickness and increase water temperature in the Baltic Sea (Thomas et al, 2017). Expected increase in precipitation in the Northern Baltic catchment will affect freshwater inflow and nutrient run-off .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifting Diatom—Dinoflagellate Dominance During Spring Bloom in the Baltic Sea and its Potential Effects on Biogeochemical Cycling

et al. 2018

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The Baltic Sea is affected by a range of human induced environmental pressures such as eutrophication. Here we synthesize the ongoing shift from diatom dominance toward more dinoflagellates in parts of the Baltic Sea during the spring bloom and its potential effects on biogeochemical cycling of key elements (e.g., C, N, and P). The spring bloom is the period with the highest annual primary production and sinking of organic matter to the sediment. The fate of this organic matter is a key driver for material fluxes, affecting ecosystem functioning and eutrophication feedback loops. The dominant diatoms and dinoflagellates appear to be functionally surrogates as both groups are able to effectively exhaust the wintertime accumulation of inorganic nutrients and produce bloom level biomass that contribute to vertical export of organic matter. However, the groups have very different sedimentation patterns, and the seafloor has variable potential to mineralize the settled biomass in the different sub-basins. While diatoms sink quickly out of the euphotic zone, dinoflagellates sink as inert resting cysts, or lyse in the water column contributing to slowly settling phyto-detritus. The dominance by either phytoplankton group thus directly affects both the summertime nutrient pools of the water column and the input of organic matter to the sediment but to contrasting directions. The proliferation of dinoflagellates with high encystment efficiency could increase sediment retention and burial of organic matter, alleviating the eutrophication problem and improve the environmental status of the Baltic Sea.

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“…Other groups like Phycisphaerae, and in particular CL500-3, appeared to follow more clearly the salinity gradient and was strongly associated to the presence of T. baltica . The presence of Phycisphaerae has been associated to the lower salinity of the Gulf of Bothnia and to a higher influence of allochthonous DOM 19 Interestingly, temperature emerged as a one of the main drivers for the structure of both, the phytoplankton and bacterioplankton communities, suggesting that the predicted increases in water temperature along the Baltic Sea 53,54 may lead to dramatic changes in the planktonic assemblages inhabiting this vulnerable system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterioplankton dynamics driven by inter-annual variation in phytoplankton spring bloom communities in the Baltic Sea

Gomez

Ruiz‐González

Piiparinen

et al. 2019

Preprint

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26In the Baltic Sea, climate change has caused shifts in the phytoplankton spring bloom 27 communities with co-occurrence of diatoms and dinoflagellates. Such changes likely affect the 28 composition and function of associated bacterioplankton, key members of the carbon cycling, 29 although the actual effects are unknown. To understand how changes in phytoplankton impact 30 on bacterioplankton composition and function, we analysed bacterioplankton communities and 31 their production during different phases of the spring bloom in four consecutive years across 32 the Baltic Sea, and related them to environmental variables. Phytoplankton communities varied 33 largely in composition, modifying the taxonomic structure and richness of the associated 34 bacterioplankton assemblages. In presence of certain diatoms (Achnanthes taeniata, 35 Skeletonema costatum and Chaetoceros spp.), bacterial production and diversity were high and 36 with more relative abundance of Flavobacteriia, Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria. 37This bacterial community structure correlated positively with high diatom biomass and with 38 high bacterial production rates. In contrast, during dinoflagellate-dominated blooms or when 39 the diatom Thalassiosira baltica was abundant, both bacterial production rates and diversity 40 were low, with bacterial communities dominated by SAR11 and Rhodobacteraceae. Our results 41 demonstrate that, changes in the phytoplankton spring bloom will have profound consequences 42 on bacterial community structure and their role in carbon cycling. 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51The Baltic Sea is suffering from a progressive increase in surface water temperature, which has 52 been suggested to alter the food web structure, favoring small flagellates and dinoflagellates 1 . 53During the last decades, shifting phytoplankton spring bloom communities from diatom-54 dominated blooms towards higher abundances of dinoflagellates have been reported in some 55 subbasins of the Baltic Sea 2-4 , likely due to the increase in frequency of milder winters 1,5 . 56However, the consequences of these changes in spring blooms on the structure and functioning 57 of the associated bacterioplankton communities are still poorly understood. 58The nature and the timing of the spring bloom in the Baltic Sea vary between sub-basins 6 . 59The bloom typically starts with the light promoting net primary production in the southernmost 60 Baltic Sea in February/March, reaching the Gulf of Finland in April, and the Gulf of Bothnia 61 in May (Map in Fig. 1). The bloom reaches the peak at the time when inorganic nutrients have 62 been depleted; N-limitation prevails in most of the Baltic Sea except for the P-limited Bay of 63 Bothnia 7-9 . The subsequent decline phase is characterized by rapid sinking of the 64 phytoplankton cells 10 . 65 Diatoms and dinoflagellates have different ecological features, as diatoms grow faster than 66 co-occurring dinoflagellates 11 , they also differ in terms of quality and quantity of dissolved 67 organic matter (...

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Life associated with Baltic Sea ice

Cited by 14 publications

References 58 publications

Long-term mesoscale variability of modelled sea-ice primary production in the northern Baltic Sea

Long-term mesoscale variability of modelled sea-ice primary production in the northern Baltic Sea

Shifting Diatom—Dinoflagellate Dominance During Spring Bloom in the Baltic Sea and its Potential Effects on Biogeochemical Cycling

Bacterioplankton dynamics driven by inter-annual variation in phytoplankton spring bloom communities in the Baltic Sea

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