Lichenoid and granulomatous stomatitis: an entity or a non‐specific inflammatory process?

Abstract

We propose the designation 'lichenoid and granulomatous stomatitis' for the cases described in this study. The clinico-pathological features of a subset of these cases suggest an unusual drug eruption.

Oral lichen planus and chronic junctional stomatitis: differences in lymphocyte subpopulations

“…Based on the differences found here in the composition and distribution pattern of the lymphatic infiltrate, we suggest that OLP and CJS could be distinct entities. However, there are other conditions that can mimic OLP and/ or CJS; for example, oral manifestations of lupus erythematosus, lichenoid and granulomatous stomatitis [13], lichenoid reaction with candidiasis [10], and chronic ulcerative stomatitis [14]. Comparative immunohistochemical studies on lymphocyte populations between CJS and these conditions would help reveal the true nature of CJS.…”

Oral lichenoid lesions of the upper lip and gingiva: What we know so far

“…The possible microbial trigger in the pathogenesis is supported by the fact that the lesions responded to treatment with topical and systemic antimicrobials (Bäckman & Jontell, ; Blomgren et al., ; Georgakopoulou & Achtari, ). The possibility that these lesions represent a type of allergic‐hypersensitivity reaction (to dental materials or microbial antigens) is suggested by the presence of granulomatous inflammation in some lesions (Robinson et al., ) and the resolution of lesions when dental restorations in anterior teeth were replaced in some patients (Blomgren et al., ). The first line of treatment for symptomatic oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions are topical and systemic corticosteroids (Georgakopoulou & Scully, ; Scully & Carrozzo, ; Shipley & Spivakovsky, ).…”

“…The first line of treatment for symptomatic oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions are topical and systemic corticosteroids (Georgakopoulou & Scully, ; Scully & Carrozzo, ; Shipley & Spivakovsky, ). Many patients received such treatments with reported outcomes being poor (Georgakopoulou & Achtari, ; Robinson et al., ); this being considered another common feature which makes these patients a separate group. The various treatment approaches and the reported outcomes are summarized in Table .…”

“…In the past 20 years, several cases of oral lichenoid lesions affecting only the upper lip and anterior upper gingiva (Figure ) have been reported (Bäckman & Jontell, ; Blomgren, Axell, Sandahl, & Jontell, ; Georgakopoulou & Achtari, ; Robinson, Oxley, Weir, & Eveson, ). These lesions possibly represent a subtype of lichenoid lesions related to oral microbia and hypersensitivity (Blomgren et al., ; Ferguson, Golden, & Morrison, ).…”

A Rare Form of Lichenoid Tissue Reaction: Lichenoid Granulomatous Dermatitis

“…A review of the literature reveals the patients who had been diagnosed with histopathological lichenoid granulomatous dermatitis presenting with a clinical picture similar to lichen planus, lichen striatus, lichen nitidus, drug eruption, erythroderma, necrobiosis lipoidica, psoriasis, granulomatous dermatitis, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, tinea capitis, pityriasis lichenoides, secondary syphilis or tuberculoid leprosy [1]. The lesions may be generalized or localized [2,[5][6][7]. Our case is very special as it shows lichenoid granulomatous dermatitis specifications at histopathological findings with diffuse sclerotic plaques, purple papules and plaques on all over the body.…”