Lichen Scrofulosorum: A Rare Manifestation of a Common Disease

Thami, Gurvinder P.; Kaur, Sukhjot; Kanwar, Amrinder J.; Mohan, Harsh

doi:10.1046/j.1525-1470.2002.00053.x

Cited by 29 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…2 AN has also been reported as being observed over the knees and elbows. 1,2 In our patient, extensor surfaces of the feet, known to be a rare localization for AN, were also involved. …”

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confidence: 58%

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Detection of mycobacterial tuberculosis DNA in lichen scrofulosorum

Jazia¹,

Hachfi²,

Trimech³

et al. 2006

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

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“…2 AN has also been reported as being observed over the knees and elbows. 1,2 In our patient, extensor surfaces of the feet, known to be a rare localization for AN, were also involved. …”

mentioning

confidence: 58%

“…1 We report a case of AN and discuss the possible role of increased leptin level in the pathogenesis.…”

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confidence: 95%

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Detection of mycobacterial tuberculosis DNA in lichen scrofulosorum

Jazia¹,

Hachfi²,

Trimech³

et al. 2006

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

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“…6 In addition, there are a group of eruptions, the tuberculids, which are pathogenically less well understood and have been considered hypersensitivity reactions to occult internal focus of tuberculosis in which M tuberculosis could not be identified in such lesions. 1 In individuals who have never been exposed/sensitized to M tuberculosis, miliary TB of the skin and tuberculous chancre have been described while previously sensitized hosts develop lupus vulgaris, scrofuloderma, or tuberculosis verrucosa cutis. 5 In a report from India of 402 patients that described the pattern of childhood TB, Kumar et al found that 53.3% had scrofuloderma, 40% had lupus vulgaris, 4% had tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, and 1.3% each had tuberculid and tubercular gumma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 At times, other forms of cutaneous TB may be present concomitantly in the patient with LS, such as lupus vulgaris, tuberculous dactylitis, tuberculous gumma, tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, and erythema induratum. ATT results in complete resolution within a matter of weeks.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lichen scrofulosorum in a Saudi adolescent with multifocal tuberculosis

Enani¹

2008

Ann Saudi Med

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M Enani, Lichen Scrofulosorum in a Saudi Adolescent with Multifocal Tuberculosis. 2008; 28(3): 213-216 Lichen scrofulosorum (LS) is a rare form of cutaneous tuberculosis (TB) that affects children and young adults. It is ascribed to hematogenous spread of Mycobacteria in an individual strongly sensitive to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.2 The skin lesions are typically symptomless papular eruptions, associated with a strong Mantoux reaction or with TB of the lymph nodes and/or other organs.3 The response to anti-TB therapy is usually striking. The objective of this paper is to report LS for the first time in Saudi Arabia. It is an exceptionally rare type of cutaneous tuberculosis, and this account emphasizes the importance of excluding underlying systemic TB. CASEA 13-year-old, previously healthy Saudi Arabian adolescent male was hospitalized in a tertiary care hospital for investigation of a persistent non-itchy skin rash for one month associated with mild non-productive cough. He reported anorexia and had lost 7 kilograms body weight over the preceding four months; however his illness did not affect his performance at school. There were no musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, or ophthalmologic symptoms. He had no recent travel and no known exposure to animals. He had received Bacille Calmette-Guêrin (BCG) vaccination as a neonate and other vaccinations were up-to-date. The patient's mother had been treated for pulmonary tuberculosis three years earlier. Clinical examination revealed a pale, malnourished patient with a body weight of 33 kilograms and a height of 150 centimeters. He had fever of unknown origin (FUO). Skin examination revealed discrete symmetrical red-brown papules (5 to 10 mm) on the trunk and proximal limbs, some of which were crusted and covered by whitish scales (Figure 1). The face, mucous membranes and genitalia were not involved. There were non-tender and discrete cervical and inguinal lymphadenopathies less than 2 centimeters in size. The remainder of a full systematic examination was unremarkable. Laboratory investigations revealed a leukocyte count of 8.7 x 10 9 /dL, hemoglobin 10 g/dL, platelets of 254x10 9 /L, erythrocyte sedimentation rate 60 mm, albumin 31 g/L, alkaline phosphatase 732 U/L (normal range, 98 to 279 U/L). The liver enzymes and renal function tests were normal. The patient was tested for HIV, hepatitis B and C and found to be non-reactive. Serology for Epstein-Barr virus IgG antibody was positive, while cytomegalovirus and varicella-zoster antibodies were negative; antinuclear antibody and rheumatoid factor tests were also negative. Multiple cultures of induced sputum were negative for M tuberculosis. Blood cultures were sterile. A purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin skin test with 5 units was negative. A radiograph of the chest showed a widened mediastinum, and a CT of the chest revealed a grossly enlarged bilateral paratracheal, pretracheal, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy (Figure 2). Abdominal CT showed bulky, poorly enhancing porta hepatis lymphadenopathy wit...

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Mycobacterial Infections

Yates¹,

Rook²

2004

Rook's Textbook of Dermatology

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Lichen Scrofulosorum: A Rare Manifestation of a Common Disease

Cited by 29 publications

References 19 publications

Detection of mycobacterial tuberculosis DNA in lichen scrofulosorum

Detection of mycobacterial tuberculosis DNA in lichen scrofulosorum

Lichen scrofulosorum in a Saudi adolescent with multifocal tuberculosis

Mycobacterial Infections

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