Lichen sclerosus among women in the United States

Melnick, Laura; Steuer, Alexa B.; Bieber, Amy Kalowitz; Wong, Priscilla W.; Pomeranz, Miriam Keltz

doi:10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.05.001

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The worldwide prevalence of lichen sclerosus ranges from 0.1% to 1.67% [ 5 ]. Of note, the exact prevalence of VLS has not been established and is probably underestimated, particularly in young women [ 6 ]. Several papers report a bimodal onset of disease, that is, in prepubertal children and postmenopausal women [ 2 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Gerkowicz

Szczepanik-Kułak

Krasowska

2021

JCM

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Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the genital skin and mucous membrane. Patients exhibit focal atrophy and destructive scarring, with an increased risk of malignant transformation. Due to objective symptoms as well as subjective complaints, patients with VLS experience emotional distress, lowered mood, and sexual dysfunction, which is reflected in impaired health-related quality of life. Thus, the necessity of implementing appropriate therapy at the earliest possible stage of the disease in order to avoid serious complications is highlighted. We presented the systematic review of available literature, performed with MEDLINE, Cinahl, Central, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. We identified a total of twenty relevant studies which indicate that photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a valuable therapeutic modality in the treatment of VLS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Gerkowicz

Szczepanik-Kułak

Krasowska

2021

JCM

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“…It mainly develops in adults, occurring only in 0.3% of children [19]. The disease prevails in postmenopausal women, yet a moderate disease peak is observed in prepubertal children [20,21]. Due to a lack of large-scale epidemiological research comprising representative groups of people of all ages and both sexes, the exact LS prevalence is uncertain and seems to be underestimated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to a lack of large-scale epidemiological research comprising representative groups of people of all ages and both sexes, the exact LS prevalence is uncertain and seems to be underestimated. A few recent studies indicated that LS appears to be underdiagnosed, particularly in the young female population [20,22]. Most commonly, LS-induced lesions are localized in the anogenital area.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Występuje głównie u dorosłych -zaledwie 0,3% przypadków dotyczy dzieci [19]. Choroba pojawia się przede wszystkim u kobiet po menopauzie, mniejszy szczyt zachorowań obserwuje się także u dzieci przed okresem dojrzewania [20,21]. Ze względu na brak zakrojonych na szeroką skalę badań epidemiologicznych obejmujących reprezentatywne grupy osób w każdym wieku i obu płci dokładna częstość występowania LS nie została ustalona i jest prawdopodobnie niedoszacowana.…”

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“…Ze względu na brak zakrojonych na szeroką skalę badań epidemiologicznych obejmujących reprezentatywne grupy osób w każdym wieku i obu płci dokładna częstość występowania LS nie została ustalona i jest prawdopodobnie niedoszacowana. Wyniki kilku ostatnich badań mogłyby wskazywać, że LS jest schorzeniem niedostatecznie diagnozowanym, zwłaszcza u młodych kobiet [20,22]. Zmiany wywoływane przez LS są najczęściej umiejscowione w okolicy anogenitalnej.…”

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Lichen sclerosus

Jabłonowska¹,

Woźniacka²,

Żebrowska³

2021

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Lichen sclerosus is a chronic skin condition with extragenital and/or genital involvement. The disease may develop in women and men of any age, but most frequently affects postmenopausal women. The aetiology of lichen sclerosus remains unknown. Genetic, infectious, environmental, autoimmune, and hormonal factors are presumed to influence its development. In most cases, lesions are located in the anogenital area. It is associated with sexual morbidity and is associated with an increased risk of cancerogenesis. The first-line treatment of lichen sclerosus includes ultrapotent corticosteroid ointments. Topical calcineurin inhibitors are considered second choice treatment. In recalcitrant cases alternative treatment methods (phototherapy and photochemotherapy, oral retinoids, methotrexate, cyclosporine, photodynamic therapy, adipose-derived stem cells and platelet-rich plasma, surgical management) are used. Because of a possible 3-8% risk of malignant transformation of genital lichen sclerosus to squamous cell carcinoma, early diagnosis is required, and long-term follow-up is recommended.streszczenie Liszaj twardzinowy jest przewlekłą chorobą skóry. Występuje w postaci pozagenitalnej i/lub genitalnej. Choroba jest stwierdzana u kobiet i mężczyzn niezależnie od wieku, ale najczęściej dotyczy kobiet w okresie po menopauzie. Etiologia liszaja twardzinowego jest nieznana. Przypuszcza się, że w jego rozwoju pewną rolę odgrywają czynniki genetyczne, zakaźne, środowiskowe, autoimmunologiczne oraz hormonalne. W większości przypadków zmiany są umiejscowione w okolicy anogenitalnej, co wiąże się z zaburzeniem funkcji seksualnych i możliwością kancerogenezy. W terapii pierwszego wyboru u pacjentów z liszajem twardzinowym stosuje się bardzo silnie działające maści z glikokortykosteroidami. Terapia drugiego wyboru opiera się na miejscowych inhibitorach kalcyneuryny. W przypadkach opornych na leczenie stosowane są alternatywne metody terapeutyczne (fototerapia i fotochemioterapia, doustne retinoidy, metotreksat, cyklosporyna, terapia fotodynamiczna, leczenie komórkami macierzystymi pochodzenia tłuszczowego i osoczem bogatopłytkowym, a także zabiegi chirurgiczne). Ze względu na ryzyko złośliwej przemiany postaci genitalnej liszaja twardzinowego w raka płaskonabłonkowego (3-8% przypadków) konieczne jest wczesne rozpoznanie i długoterminowa obserwacja pacjenta.

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Incidence Trends of Vulvar Cancer in the United States: A 20‐Year Population‐Based Study

Mousavi,

Ghasemi,

Najafi

et al. 2024

Cancer Reports

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BackgroundDespite being uncommon, vulvar cancer is a serious health concern with a 5‐year relative survival rate of 71%.AimsThe objective was to investigate the incidence rates of this disease across different racial, ethnic, and histological subgroups in the United States, as well as the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on this cancer.MethodsWe used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 22 database. The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology Version 3 topologic code C51 was assigned for vulvar cancer. Average annual percent change (AAPC) and the pairwise comparison with the parallelism and coincidence were reported. Counts and age‐adjusted incidence rates per 100 000 individuals with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.ResultsThe age‐adjusted incidence rate of vulvar cancer was 2.40 (95% CI, 2.38–2.43) over the period 2000–2019, with an AAPC of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.63–0.99). By race/ethnicity, only non‐Hispanic Whites had an increasing trend over 2000–2019 (AAPC: 1.30; 95% CI, 1.07–1.54). The highest age‐adjusted incidence rate of vulvar cancer in the United States was for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). There was a significant decrease in the age‐standardized incidence rate of vulvar cancer in all races/ethnicities in all age groups (AAPC: −10.15; 95% CI, −15.35 to −4.94) over 2019–2020. Also, the incidence rates and incident numbers of vulvar cancer increased with aging and peaked at the 85+ age group.ConclusionThere was an increase in the incidence rate of vulvar cancer in all races, with a significantly increased trend in non‐Hispanic White women from 2000 to 2019. SCC displayed the highest incidence rate among vulvar cancer histological types. It is recommended to conduct further research to identify the relevant risk factors of vulvar cancer in the United States.

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Lichen sclerosus among women in the United States

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Lichen sclerosus

Incidence Trends of Vulvar Cancer in the United States: A 20‐Year Population‐Based Study

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