Lichen-forming fungi: potential sources of novel metabolites

Crittenden, P. D.; Porter, Neil

doi:10.1016/0167-7799(91)90141-4

Cited by 78 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the potential of fungal species, obligate symbionts, in lichens remain largely unexplored because of their slow growing nature and difficulties in their artificial cultivation (Crittenden and Porter, 1991;Yamamoto et al, 1993Yamamoto et al, , 1998. Phenolic compounds, including depsides, depsidones, dibenzofurans and pulvinic acid derivatives are secondary metabolites of lichen samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracted: Tissue culture of some lichens and screening of their antioxidant, antityrosinase and antibacterial properties

Behera

Verma

Sonone

et al. 2007

Phytotherapy Research

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Lichen species Usnea ghattensis, Heterodermia podocarpa, Arthothelium awasthii and Parmotrema tinctorum have been cultured in vitro and screened for their antioxidant, antimicrobial and antityrosinase potential using different assay systems. The methanol extract of lichens showed antioxidant, antimicrobial and antityrosinase activities according to the order Usnea ghattensis > Arthothelium awasthii > Heterodermia podocarpa > Parmotrema tinctorum. The IC(50) values for the antioxidant and antityrosinase activities of U. ghattensis and A. awasthii were less than or equivalent to that of standard antioxidants and tyrosinase inhibitors. The methanol extracts of the lichen cultures Usnea ghattensis and Arthothelium awasthii were effective against Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract was found to be between 5 and 10 microg extract/mL. The results suggested that the extract of lichen cultures, U. ghattensis and A. awasthii, could be of use as an easily accessible source of natural antioxidants, tyrosinase inhibitory and antimicrobial properties as possible food supplements or in the pharmaceutical industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracted: Tissue culture of some lichens and screening of their antioxidant, antityrosinase and antibacterial properties

Behera

Verma

Sonone

et al. 2007

Phytotherapy Research

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“…Thus, lichens are symbioses between algae and fungi [172,173], and stable consortia can develop even in novel ecosystems by learning to assist each other [174]. Since this is not a review of microbial ecology, our purpose is only to recognise the role of effluxers in complex ecosystems [175]; in some cases the dependence of at least one organism is absolute, for thermodynamic reasons involving the removal by a second organism of a product secreted by the first; this is referred to as syntrophy [176][177][178].…”

Section: Symbiosis and Syntrophymentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of metabolite efflux in microbial cell factories: current advances and future prospects

Kell¹

2018

Preprint

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The yield and ease of purification of biotechnological products are typically greatly enhanced if they can be secreted into the external medium. Although not universally appreciated, however, small molecule biotechnological products do not ‘float across’ the phospholipid bilayer portion of biological membranes, and thus they need transporters to assist their passage into the extramembrane and extracellular spaces. Some of these transporters may be reversible, equilibrative transporters that might more normally be used for uptake, while others may have an efflux directionality imposed on them via suitable energy coupling mechanisms. Despite the energetic costs of small molecule synthesis, natural evolution does in fact provide a number of mechanisms by which the secretion of such products can actually enhance fitness. Where available these provide useful starting points, and assaying for such activities is crucial. In particular, in a systems biology approach, we first need to identify such/suitable activities before we can seek to increase them. They may then be improved through promoter engineering, via manipulation of control elements, or by directed evolution of the transporter proteins themselves. Modern methods of synthetic biology provide enormous opportunities for all kinds of efflux transporter engineering; they are just beginning to be realised.

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“…Although many natural lichens and cultured lichens have been screened for their biological activities and several novel compounds have been isolated and identified, lichens have been essentially ignored by the modern pharmaceutical industry because of their slow growth in nature. Industrial-scale harvests are neither ecologically sensible nor sustainable and, for many species, are not feasible (Crittenden & Porter, 1991;Lauterwerwein et al, 1995;Yamamoto et al, 1998;Miao et al, 2001;Behera et al, 2003). In particular, Ramalina species were most commonly used for medicinal, perfumery, and cosmetics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HPLC Analysis of Usnic Acid in SomeRamalina. Species from Anatolia and Investigation of their Antimicrobial Activities

Cansaran

Atakol

Halıcı

et al. 2007

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Five species of lichens, Ramalina fastigiata (Pers.) Ach., Ramalina capitata, (Ach.) Nyl., Ramaliana polymorpha (Lilj.) Ach., Ramalina pollinaria (Westr.) Ach., and Ramalina fraxinea (L.) Ach., belonging to family Ramalinacae were collected from middle Anatolia, Ankara, Antalya, Karabü k, and Kayseri in Turkey. Their usnic acid amounts were determined by HPLC in acetone extracts. Furthermore, antimicrobial activities of these extracts were determined against Escherichia coli (ATCC 35218), Enterococcus faecalis (RSKK 508), Proteus mirabilis (Pasteur Ens. 235), Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus megaterium. It was observed that, as the usnic acid amount increased, the antimicrobial activities were increased. Results pointed out that usnic acid contents of Ramalina species varied between 0.13% and 3.23% dry weight.

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Lichen-forming fungi: potential sources of novel metabolites

Cited by 78 publications

References 16 publications

Retracted: Tissue culture of some lichens and screening of their antioxidant, antityrosinase and antibacterial properties

Retracted: Tissue culture of some lichens and screening of their antioxidant, antityrosinase and antibacterial properties

Control of metabolite efflux in microbial cell factories: current advances and future prospects

HPLC Analysis of Usnic Acid in SomeRamalina. Species from Anatolia and Investigation of their Antimicrobial Activities

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