HPLC Analysis of Usnic Acid in SomeRamalina. Species from Anatolia and Investigation of their Antimicrobial Activities

Abstract

Five species of lichens, Ramalina fastigiata (Pers.) Ach., Ramalina capitata, (Ach.) Nyl., Ramaliana polymorpha (Lilj.) Ach., Ramalina pollinaria (Westr.) Ach., and Ramalina fraxinea (L.) Ach., belonging to family Ramalinacae were collected from middle Anatolia, Ankara, Antalya, Karabü k, and Kayseri in Turkey. Their usnic acid amounts were determined by HPLC in acetone extracts. Furthermore, antimicrobial activities of these extracts were determined against Escherichia coli (ATCC 35218), Enterococcus faecalis (RSKK 508), Proteus mirabilis (Pasteur Ens. 235), Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus megaterium. It was observed that, as the usnic acid amount increased, the antimicrobial activities were increased. Results pointed out that usnic acid contents of Ramalina species varied between 0.13% and 3.23% dry weight.

Elevational Trends in Usnic Acid Concentration of Lichen Parmelia flexilis in Relation to Temperature and Precipitation

“…Before the analysis, extracts were passed through 0.45 µm filters. After the filtration process, owing to solvent loss due to evaporation, solutions were made up to the volume of 10.0 mL with acetone, and then injected into the HPLC system in 20 µL aliquots [13].…”

Mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of some lichen species grown in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey

“…Because of relationship between mutations and diseases, researching of mutations has become great importance to prevent harmful effects of mutations. Previous studies showed that lichens have several biological effects on living organisms such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant and antimutagenic effects [5,8,12,[36][37][38]. Depending on mentioned information, our study was designed to determine mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of methanol extracts from C. islandica, P. furfuracea and X. somloënsis.…”

Antimicrobial activity of usnic acid on Squamarina lentigera (Lichenized Ascomycetes) lichen species

“…In our laboratory, several studies were accomplished on the antimicrobial activity of lichens collected from Turkey (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) (Figure 3). Comparing with the the present study, the usnic acid amounts of S. lentigera is found as 2.47% ( Figure 3).…”