Lichen colonization and associated deterioration processes in Pasargadae, UNESCO world heritage site, Iran

Sohrabi, Mohammad; Favero‐Longo, Sergio E.; Pérez‐Ortega, Sergio; Ascaso, Carmen; Haghighat, Zeynab; Talebian, Mohammad Hassan; Fadaei, Hamid; Rı́os, Asunción de los

doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.12.012

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Indeed it has been previously reported that biodegradation of calcareous rocks is enhanced by microbial colonization (Banfield et al, 1999;Sterflinger, 2000;Burford et al, 2003;De los Ríos et al, 2004;De los Ríos et al, 2009). For instance, Sohrabi et al (2017) recently showed granular disaggregation and dissolution of calcareous rock by cyanobacteria residing in cavities under lichen thalli in Cirus' Tomb, an outdoor monument in Iran. Similar processes and weathering patterns have been observed in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic and biomolecular complementary approaches to characterize bioweathering processes at petroglyph sites from the Negev Desert, Israel

Nir

Barak

Kramarsky‐Winter

et al. 2021

Environmental Microbiology

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Throughout the Negev Desert highlands, thousands of ancient petroglyphs sites are susceptible to deterioration processes that may result in the loss of this unique rock art. Therefore, the overarching goal of the current study was to characterize the composition, diversity and effects of microbial colonization of the rocks to find ways of protecting these unique treasures. The spatial organization of the microbial colonizers and their relationships with the lithic substrate were analysed using scanning electron microscopy. This approach revealed extensive epilithic and endolithic colonization and close microbial-mineral interactions. Shotgun sequencing analysis revealed various taxa from the archaea, bacteria and some eukaryotes. Metagenomic coding sequences (CDS) of these microbial lithobionts exhibited specific metabolic pathways involved in the rock elements' cycles and uptake processes. Thus, our results provide evidence for the potential participation of the microorganisms colonizing these rocks during different solubilization and mineralization processes. These damaging actions may contribute to the deterioration of this extraordinary rock art and thus threaten this valuable heritage. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing, in conjunction with the in situ scanning electron microscopy study, can thus be considered an effective strategy to understand the complexity of the weathering processes occurring at petroglyph sites and other cultural heritage assets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic and biomolecular complementary approaches to characterize bioweathering processes at petroglyph sites from the Negev Desert, Israel

Nir

Barak

Kramarsky‐Winter

et al. 2021

Environmental Microbiology

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“…The pollens analyzed belong to the Chenopodiaceae family form walnut (Figure 6g), pine (Figure 6h), and chicory (Figure 6i). Moreover, lichens (Figure 6j), one of the most important sources of natural stone degradation [68,69], were observed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characterization of Particulate Matter in the Renaissance City of Ferrara

2021

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Atmospheric aerosols are today a key issue in air pollution, mostly related to public health. Two test areas in Ferrara, one in the city center (urban location) and one in the industrial area (industrial location), were studied in June–July 2016 using the SEM technique to identify the environmental impact of some potential pollutant sources. Collection was performed using adhesive tapes applied on the surface of road signs, which allows to select particulate matter moving on air with diffusion movement and to exclude the particles usually deposed by the gravitational process. Dimensional characterization has shown that, usually, smaller particles tend to aggregate themselves in bigger polycrystalline particles with the geometric diameter of up to 10 μm. Micro-analytical data have revealed a wide heterogeneous range of compositions: more abundant silicate followed by carbonate, chlorine, sulphate, carbon, and organic. This preliminary study has highlighted that the Renaissance city of Ferrara is affected by an environmental problem linked to the presence of particulate matter induced by industrial activities, as is the case with some of the most polluted cities in the world. The observations and analytical data pointed out the need for further investigation to better define the features of the fine particulate matter. This will be useful to preserve the cultural heritage of this Medieval-Renaissance city.

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“…Different patterns of penetration are found depending on the mineralogical and microstructural features of different lithologies, and the species involved, with hyphal organization, spread, and depths ranging from a few microns to several millimeters (Favero-Longo et al 2005;Scarciglia et al 2012;Sohrabi et al 2017). Moreover, some lichen species display an endolithic habit, with the thallus (including the photobiont layer) growing entirely within the rock substrate, exploiting internal cracks (chasmo-endolithic) or intrinsic porosities (crypto-endolithic), or actively dissolving minerals (eu-endolithic) (Pinna et al 1998;Favero-Longo et al 2015).…”

Section: Stone Bioreceptivity and Biogeophysical And Biogeochemical Imentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the nature, role and control of lithobionts on stone cultural heritage: weighing-up and managing biodeterioration and bioprotection

Favero‐Longo

Viles

2020

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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Lichen colonization and associated deterioration processes in Pasargadae, UNESCO world heritage site, Iran

Cited by 36 publications

References 47 publications

Microscopic and biomolecular complementary approaches to characterize bioweathering processes at petroglyph sites from the Negev Desert, Israel

Microscopic and biomolecular complementary approaches to characterize bioweathering processes at petroglyph sites from the Negev Desert, Israel

Chemical Characterization of Particulate Matter in the Renaissance City of Ferrara

A review of the nature, role and control of lithobionts on stone cultural heritage: weighing-up and managing biodeterioration and bioprotection

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