Licensing MLH1 sites for crossover during meiosis

Martín, Azahara C.; Shaw, Peter; Phillips, Dylan; Reader, S. M.; Moore, Graham

doi:10.1038/ncomms5580

Cited by 81 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Crossover modifiers may be especially common in plants, where frequent polyploidization causes challenges for balanced meiotic genome transmission (Bomblies et al 2016). Indeed, meiotic axis proteins (ASY1, ASY3, PDS5, ZYP1a, ZYP1b, SMC1, and REC8) have been strongly selected during polyploid evolution in Arabidopsis arenosa (Yant et al 2013), and the Ph1 locus is required for promotion of homologous versus homeologous recombination in hexaploid bread wheat (Martín et al 2014). Therefore, further study of plant meiotic modifier loci is likely to reveal insights into the control of recombination and how this interacts with selection during evolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Structural variation (for example, insertions and deletions [indels], translocations, and inversions) are also associated with crossover suppression at larger physical scales (Fransz et al 2016). Extensive evidence for cis and trans modification of crossover frequency exists in plants, including Arabidopsis thaliana (Timmermans et al 1997;Barth et al 2001;Yandeau-Nelson et al 2006;Esch et al 2007;McMullen et al 2009;López et al 2012;Salomé et al 2012;Bauer et al 2013;Martín et al 2014;Rodgers-Melnick et al 2015;Ziolkowski et al 2015). Therefore, we sought to use high-throughput fluorescent reporter systems to measure recombination and identify trans-acting crossover modifier loci that vary between A. thaliana accessions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Natural variation and dosage of the HEI10 meiotic E3 ligase control Arabidopsis crossover recombination

et al. 2017

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During meiosis, homologous chromosomes undergo crossover recombination, which creates genetic diversity and balances homolog segregation. Despite these critical functions, crossover frequency varies extensively within and between species. Although natural crossover recombination modifier loci have been detected in plants, causal genes have remained elusive. Using natural Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, we identified two major recombination quantitative trait loci (rQTLs) that explain 56.9% of crossover variation in Col×Ler F 2 populations. We mapped rQTL1 to semidominant polymorphisms in HEI10, which encodes a conserved ubiquitin E3 ligase that regulates crossovers. Null hei10 mutants are haploinsufficient, and, using genome-wide mapping and immunocytology, we show that transformation of additional HEI10 copies is sufficient to more than double euchromatic crossovers. However, heterochromatic centromeres remained recombination-suppressed. The strongest HEI10-mediated crossover increases occur in subtelomeric euchromatin, which is reminiscent of sex differences in Arabidopsis recombination. Our work reveals that HEI10 naturally limits Arabidopsis crossovers and has the potential to influence the response to selection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Natural variation and dosage of the HEI10 meiotic E3 ligase control Arabidopsis crossover recombination

et al. 2017

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“…This is a critical step in meiotic progression, and it is interesting that another locus on chromosome 3D, Ph2, which stabilizes diploid-like meiotic behavior in wheat, is required for the progression of synapsis (Ji and Langridge, 1994). Ph1 also has been found to prevent CO maturation of MLH1-marked recombination intermediates on associated homologs (Martín et al, 2014). Furthermore, MLH1 is associated with a role in the removal of chromosomal interlocks (Storlazzi et al, 2010).…”

Section: Meiosis In Allopolyploid Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and Manipulating Meiotic Recombination in Plants

2017

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Meiosis is a specialized cell division, essential in most reproducing organisms to halve the number of chromosomes, thereby enabling the restoration of ploidy levels during fertilization. A key step of meiosis is homologous recombination, which promotes homologous pairing and generates crossovers (COs) to connect homologous chromosomes until their separation at anaphase I. These CO sites, seen cytologically as chiasmata, represent a reciprocal exchange of genetic information between two homologous nonsister chromatids. This gene reshuffling during meiosis has a significant influence on evolution and also plays an essential role in plant breeding, because a successful breeding program depends on the ability to bring the desired combinations of alleles on chromosomes. However, the number and distribution of COs during meiosis is highly constrained. There is at least one CO per chromosome pair to ensure accurate segregation of homologs, but in most organisms, the CO number rarely exceeds three regardless of chromosome size. Moreover, their positions are not random on chromosomes but exhibit regional preference. Thus, genes in recombination-poor regions tend to be inherited together, hindering the generation of novel allelic combinations that could be exploited by breeding programs. Recently, much progress has been made in understanding meiotic recombination. In particular, many genes involved in the process in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have been identified and analyzed. With the coming challenges of food security and climate change, and our enhanced knowledge of how COs are formed, the interest and needs in manipulating CO formation are greater than ever before. In this review, we focus on advances in understanding meiotic recombination and then summarize the attempts to manipulate CO formation. Last, we pay special attention to the meiotic recombination in polyploidy, which is a common genomic feature for many crop plants.

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“…The pairing homeologous 1 (Ph1) locus regulates pairing and crossing over during meiosis in wheat by restricting recombination to true homologous rather than homoeologus chromosomes. In wheat-rye hybrids-lacking homologous chromosomes-Ph1 does not affect the synapsis level or the number of mismatch repair protein (MLH1), whose binding marks the sites where homologous chromosomes synapse and recombine (Martín et al 2014). Ph1 promotes, therefore, homologous chromosome pairing instead of suppressing homoeologous chromosomes pairing in wheat, thus stabilizing its polyploidy.…”

Section: Grain Yield Potentialmentioning

confidence: 98%

Breeding Self-Fertilizing Plants: From Inbred to Hybrid Cultivars

Ríos

2015

Plant Breeding in the Omics Era

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Pollen falls on to the stigma of the same flower in self-fertilizing (selfing) species, which are often annuals with little plant height, small flowers, short bud development time and flower longevity, and small seed sizes. Such associations evolved as a result of a strong r selection that maximizes population growth rate (Snell and Aarssen 2005) by producing many offspring with low surviving probability to adulthood. Most selfing species show hermaphrodite flowers and in some outcrossing occurs up to 5 %, which may be affected by humidity, temperature, and location. There are various mechanisms promoting selfing, for example, cleistogamy ensures complete selfing because foreign pollen cannot reach the stigma of a closed flower that does not open at all. Flowers open but after pollination in some small grain cereals such as rice or wheat, or the anthers surround closely the stigma in some crops of the nightshade family such as tomato. Selfing leads to homozygosity, but selfing species do not show inbreeding depression but may exhibit heterosis. Hence, selfing species cultivars may be inbred lines or hybrids. Composites and multilines are two other cultivar types. The former includes closely related lines such as isogenic (or isolines), while the latter may comprise inbred lines, hybrids, and populations sharing common traits. The methods for crossbreeding selfing species are mass selection, pedigree, bulk, single seed-descent, backcrossing, hybridization, and population improvement through recurrent selection. Plant genetic engineering, DNA marker-assisted breeding, and genomic selection may also be used for breeding selfing species.

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Licensing MLH1 sites for crossover during meiosis

Cited by 81 publications

References 32 publications

Natural variation and dosage of the HEI10 meiotic E3 ligase control Arabidopsis crossover recombination

Natural variation and dosage of the HEI10 meiotic E3 ligase control Arabidopsis crossover recombination

Understanding and Manipulating Meiotic Recombination in Plants

Breeding Self-Fertilizing Plants: From Inbred to Hybrid Cultivars

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