Licancabur: Mountain of the Atacamenos

Rudolph, William E.

doi:10.2307/212227

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Based on this evidence, we thought that finding new colonies in this province was more likely, because local residents mentioned many places where chinchillas were captured at the beginning of the twentieth century. Other authors have mentioned wild colonies of chinchillas in the north of Chile, for instance, in Mejillones (Phillipi, 1860), the Licancabur volcano (Rudolph 1955), and La Ola and Potrerillos (Schlatter et al, 1987). Grau (1986) suggested that both species may have inhabited in sympatry around Potrerillos (north of Atacama region), corresponding to the traditional northern limit of the C. lanigera distribution, and the native southern limit of C. chinchilla ( fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chinchilla lanigera (Molina 1782) and C. chinchilla (Lichtenstein 1830): review of their distribution and new findings

Jarrín‐V¹,

Zuleta²,

Spotorno³

2014

Anim. Biodiv. Conserv.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Millions of Chinchilla chinchilla and C. lanigera were killed during the early twentieth century and they were nearly hunted to extinction. In order to establish the current range of distribution of these two wild species and to localize possible new colonies, we used the available scientific literature, technical reports, information from residents, and live trapping methods. Both species are ‘critically endangered’ since their current distribution is highly fragmented and all recognized colonies are small and isolated. We report a small new wild colony of C. lanigera in the Atacama region, Chile.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chinchilla lanigera (Molina 1782) and C. chinchilla (Lichtenstein 1830): review of their distribution and new findings

Jarrín‐V¹,

Zuleta²,

Spotorno³

2014

Anim. Biodiv. Conserv.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Visual signalling systems were operated during the Inca Empire in Machu Picchu in the Peruvian Andes in combination with the chasqui-runners, which were long-distance messengers (Lee 2010). The Atacameños in Chile constructed as well watch towers and used signal fires (Rudolph 1955).…”

Section: Beacon Fires As Early Warning Systems In Mountain Regions In the Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical beacon fire lines as early warning systems for glacier lake outbursts in the Hindu Kush–Karakoram Mountains

Iturrizaga

2019

Nat Hazards

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The paper presents a historical long-distance communication system based on beacon fires in one of the most dynamic and rugged mountain ranges of the world, the Hindu Kush-Karakoram-Himalayas. It was deployed as an early warning system for glacial lake outburst floods, which caused devastating impacts on settlement zones and infrastructure until the middle of the twentieth century. The study revealed that the beacon fire systems were operated in distinct valleys spread over the entire Hindu Kush-Karakoram Region. The remarkable fact is the establishment of fire posts in highly difficult accessible mountain environments with communication distances of several hundred kilometres for individual beacon lines. The warning system was a cooperative natural hazard management, which was operated even across distinct ethnic groups. Distant societies, formerly perceived as isolated villages by physical barriers of the high mountain relief, were in historical times connected not only by challenging trade routes but also by a fast working optical communication system. The findings are discussed in the context of a future sustainable natural hazard management.Keywords Beacon fire • Early warning system • Glacial lake outbursts • Local knowledge • Sustainable natural hazard management • Hindu Kush-Karakoram '…and now I watch for the light, the signal-fire breaking out of Troy, shouting "Troy is taken"'.Watchman in Aeschylus (458 B.C.)

show abstract

“…The volcano summit crater of diameter 0.5 km consists of two inner craters, where fumarolic activity has been producing 100-500 m high plumes since the early 1800s (Tassi et al, 2011, and references therein), with the most recent eruption reported in early 19th century (Rudolph, 1955). Fumarolic activity remains significant with gas emission temperatures of 82-88°C and source temperatures of 500°C.…”

Section: Putana Volcanomentioning

confidence: 99%

First estimates of fumarolic SO 2 fluxes from Putana volcano, Chile, using an ultraviolet imaging camera

Stebel

Amigo²,

Thomas

et al. 2015

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Putana is a stratovolcano in the central Andes volcanic zone in northern Chile on the border with Bolivia. Fumarolic activiy has been visible at its summit crater at 5890 m altitude from long distances since the early 1800s. However, due to its remote location neither detailed geological studies have been made nor gas fluxes have been monitored and therefore its evolution remains unknown. On November 28, 2012 an ultraviolet (UV) imaging camera was transported to Putana and for about 30 min images of the fumaroles were recorded at 12 Hz. These observations provide the first measurements of SO 2 fluxes from the fumarolic field of Putana and demonstrate the applicability of the UV camera to detect such emissions. The measurement series was used to assess whether the sampling rate of the data influences the estimate of the gas flux. The results suggest that measurements made at 10 s and 1 min intervals capture the inherent (turbulent) variability in both the plume/wind speed and SO 2 flux. Relatively high SO 2 fluxes varying between 0.3 kg s −1 and 1.4 kg s −1 , which translates to 26 t/day and 121 t/day assuming constant degassing throughout the day, were observed on November 28, 2012. Furthermore, we demonstrate how an optical flow algorithm can be integrated with the SO 2 retrieval to calculate SO 2 fluxes at pixel level. Average values of 0.64 kg s −1 ± 0.20 kg s −1 and 0.70 kg s −1 ± 0.53 kg s −1 were retrieved from a "classical" transect method and the "advanced" optical flow based retrieval, respectively. Assuming constant emissions throughout all times, these values would results in an average annual SO 2 burden of 20-22 kT.

show abstract

Licancabur: Mountain of the Atacamenos

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Chinchilla lanigera (Molina 1782) and C. chinchilla (Lichtenstein 1830): review of their distribution and new findings

Chinchilla lanigera (Molina 1782) and C. chinchilla (Lichtenstein 1830): review of their distribution and new findings

Historical beacon fire lines as early warning systems for glacier lake outbursts in the Hindu Kush–Karakoram Mountains

First estimates of fumarolic SO 2 fluxes from Putana volcano, Chile, using an ultraviolet imaging camera

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About