“…In a number of interviews, many voiced their sense of isolation during their training in universities by being the only student in the program, by having no mentors or role models of color, and by managing the institutional and interpersonal racist conflicts in order to complete the required training to achieve their career goals. The establishment of a number of ethnic minority psychological associations (Comas-Díaz, 2009;Franklin, 2009;Holliday, 2009;Jones & Austin-Dailey, 2009;Leong, 2009aLeong, , 2009bLeong & Okazaki, 2009;McCubbin & Marsella, 2009;Padilla & Olmedo, 2009;Pickren, 2009;Sue, 2009;Trimble & Clearing-Sky, 2009) between the 1960s and early 1980s began to form scientific and professional communities in support of a growing number of ethnic minority psychologists. At the same time, however, there was growing concern that the necessity and existence of these ethnic minority psychological associations represented a marginalization of these communities and issues within the APA (Comas-Díaz, 2009;Pickren, 2006;Sue, 2009).…”