Liberalization of Opening Hours with Free Entry

Wenzel, Tobias

doi:10.1111/j.1468-0475.2009.00498.x

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For instance, fewer cashiers might be necessary to serve customers if customers are more equally distributed over a longer period. Further, Wenzel (, ) models effects on the market structure that could also affect employment in either direction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Employment Effect of Deregulating Shopping Hours: Evidence From German Food Retailing

Bossler

Oberfichtner

2016

Economic Inquiry

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We study the effect of deregulating weekday shop opening hours on employment in retailing. Using administrative data on all German food shops, a difference‐in‐differences analysis shows that relaxing restrictions on opening hours raised employment by 0.4 workers per shop corresponding to an increase by 4%. This effect is driven by part‐time employment and employment in large shops, and it implies an increase by 0.1 workers per additional actual weekly opening hour. While the wage bill increased by less than employment, the deregulation seems not to have reduced earnings of workers already employed in retailing before the deregulation. (JEL J23, L51, L81)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Employment Effect of Deregulating Shopping Hours: Evidence From German Food Retailing

Bossler

Oberfichtner

2016

Economic Inquiry

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“…While the former two contributions use models with consumers who are distributed uniformly along the time dimension, Shy and Stenbacka (2006) analyze a set‐up wherein consumers' ideal shopping times are distributed non‐uniformly. Finally, Wenzel (2010) studies the impact of deregulation on concentration in the retail sector. The finding is that deregulation of opening hours tends to increase concentration in the retail sector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deregulation of Shopping Hours: The Impact on Independent Retailers and Chain Stores

Wenzel¹

2011

Scandinavian J Economics

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your personal and scholarly purposes.You are not to copy documents for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. licence. www.econstor.eu The working papers published in the Series constitute work in progress circulated to stimulate discussion and critical comments. Views expressed represent exclusively the authors' own opinions and do not necessarily reflect those of the editor. If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated Deregulation of Shopping AbstractThis paper studies shopping hour decisions by retail chains and independent competitors. We use a Salop-type model where retailers compete in prices and shopping hours. Our results depend significantly on efficiency differences between retail chain and independent retailer. If the efficiency difference is small, the independent retailer may choose longer shopping hours than the retail chain and may gain from deregulation at the expense of the retail chain. The opposite result emerges when the efficiency difference is large. Then, the retail chain may benefit whereas the independent retailer loses from deregulation.Keywords: Business hours, retailing, deregulation JEL-Classification: L13, L51, L81 * I thank three anonymous referees for comments that substantially improved the paper as well as Wolfgang Leininger, Justus Haucap, Vivien Procher, participants of the EEA 2008 in Milan, of the Annual Meeting of the German Economic Association 2008 in Graz and seminar participants in Dortmund and Dresden for helpful comments. Financial support by the RGS is gratefully acknowledged. I IntroductionIn many European countries, shopping hours are regulated by the state. However, the degree of regulation varies to a large extent. For instance, in the UK, Sweden, and recently also in Germany, shopping hours are much more deregulated than in France or Norway. Even though the trend goes towards less regulation, the issue is still discussed controversially.There is a particular controversy about how deregulation impacts on competition between large retail chains and smaller, independent competitors. Smaller retailers fear that they may be harmed by a deregulation of shopping hours. The reason...

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Opening hours of polling stations and voter turnout: Evidence from a natural experiment

Potrafke

Roesel

2018

Rev Int Organ

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Voter turnout has declined in many industrialized countries, raising the question of whether electoral institutions increase voter turnout. We exploit an electoral reform in the Austrian state of Burgenland as a natural experiment to identify the causal effect of opening hours of polling stations on voter turnout. The results show that a 10 percent increase in opening hours increased voter turnout by some 0.5 to 0.9 percentage points. The effect is substantial because voter turnout was already around 80 percent before the reform in question. The results also show that the vote share of the conservative party decreased in the course of the reform, while the vote shares of the social democratic party and of the populist rightwing party (both parties attract blue-collar workers) increased. Enhancing participation in elections by extending the opening hours of polling stations remains a question to what extent politicians and voters believe that the benefits of higher voter turnout overcompensate for additional costs of longer opening hours.

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Liberalization of Opening Hours with Free Entry

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

The Employment Effect of Deregulating Shopping Hours: Evidence From German Food Retailing

The Employment Effect of Deregulating Shopping Hours: Evidence From German Food Retailing

Deregulation of Shopping Hours: The Impact on Independent Retailers and Chain Stores

Opening hours of polling stations and voter turnout: Evidence from a natural experiment

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