Liberalização comercial e estruturas de emprego e salário

Abstract

Este artigo investiga se a liberalização comercial introduzida no Brasil em fins da década de 1980 afetou as estruturas de emprego e salários. Analisaram-se os dados da indústria manufatureira entre 1987 e 1998, período pré e pós-abertura, e encontraram-se evidências de que tanto a diminuição das tarifas de importação como o aumento dos fluxos comerciais pouco mudaram a participação relativa do emprego e os prêmios salariais inter-industriais. Mostra-se que esses resultados estão associados à elevadíssima estabilidade das estruturas de emprego e salários no Brasil.<br>This article investigates whether the trade liberalization introduced in Brazil by the end of the 1980s and beginning of the 1990s affected the structure of employment and wages. We use manufacturing sector data from 1987 to 1998 and found evidence that neither the decrease of import tariffs nor the higher trade flow affected the employment shares and inter-industry wage premia. We show that these results are due to the very high stability of employment shares and relative wages

Do Structural Reforms Always Succeed? Lessons from Brazil

“…López-Córdova and Moreira (2003) also find that foreign competition pushed manufacturing firms to improve efficiency. Arbache and Corseuil (2004) and Arbache, Dickerson and Green (2004b) find no evidence of significant trade-induced employment or wage structure changes in favour of labour-intensive industries and low-wage industries, as suggested by the HOS model. Arbache and De Negri (2003) find evidence that a learning-by-exporting effect takes place within, but not between industries.…”

Economic impact of exotic insect pests in Brazilian agriculture

“…Until the end of the 1980s, the economy of Brazil was extremely closed. This scenario started to change in the subsequent decade with the process of trade liberalization (Barros et al 2000;Arbache and Corseuil 2004). In this new economic scenario, the import and export flow of products rose dramatically, including that of agricultural products.…”

Regional Short-Run Effects of Trade Liberalization in Brazil

“…Other studies, such as Arbache and Corseuil (2000), Barros et al (2001), Menezes-Filho and Rodrigues (2001), and Maia (2001), go against the results predicted by the traditional theory of trade, and their conclusions indicate a negative or an uncertain impact of trade liberalization on labor markets in Brazil.…”