Li-ion Battery Separators, Mechanical Integrity and Failure Mechanisms Leading to Soft and Hard Internal Shorts

Zhang, Xiaowei; Sahraei, Elham; Wang, Kai

doi:10.1038/srep32578

Cited by 133 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This point was the initiation of separator thinning and anode decoating. This finding corroborated reports of Zhang et al on separator failure modes and inflection point under biaxial loading [30]. This local damage to anode and separator before the onset of short circuit can explain the decrease in cell stiffness in the Stage II observed in uninterrupted tests.…”

Section: Pouched Cellssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Onset of short circuit was identified by a drop in voltage in case of live cells which coincides with peak force. Two failure modes were observed which were explained by the soft and hard internal short circuit theory for separators [30]. The results suggested that the occurrence of soft short circuit may not be easily detected at higher impact velocities.…”

Section: Elliptical Cellsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…current collectors, or separators at a single layer but in macro scale [28][29][30][31][32]. The next stage in battery studies is investigating the properties at the single battery level (referred to as cell level in this manuscript).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review: Characterization and Modeling of the Mechanical Properties of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Kermani

Sahraei

2017

Energies

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Li-ion batteries have become a dominant power source in consumer electronics and vehicular applications. The mobile use of batteries subjects them to various mechanical loads. The mechanisms that follow a mechanical deformation and lead to damage and failure in Li-ion batteries have only been studied in recent years. This paper is a comprehensive review of advancements in experimental and computational techniques for characterization of Li-ion batteries under mechanical abuse loading scenarios. A number of recent studies have used experimental methods to characterize deformation and failure of batteries and their components under various tensile and compressive loading conditions. Several authors have used the test data to propose material laws and develop finite element (FE) models. Then the models have been validated against tests at different levels from comparison of shapes to predicting failure and onset of short circuit. In the current review main aspects of each study have been discussed and their approach in mechanical testing, material characterization, FE modeling, and validation is analyzed. The main focus of this review is on mechanical properties at the level of a single battery.

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Section: Pouched Cellssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Elliptical Cellsmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Review: Characterization and Modeling of the Mechanical Properties of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Kermani

Sahraei

2017

Energies

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“…[10][11][12][13][14][15] Mechanical properties of fresh cells and components have been used to develop nite element models for the battery cells. When batteries are used in automotive applications, an understanding of mechanical properties are essential to manufacturers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of battery separators under charge–discharge cycles

2017

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Researchers have reported on the electrochemical aging of lithium-ion batteries. The mechanisms of battery capacity loss, such as consumption of electrolytes and fading of electrodes, commonly seen as fracture of coatings, have been studied intensively. The widely used polymeric separators sandwiched between cathode and anode, which do not directly contribute to the electrochemical properties of the cell, are usually taken as chemically, thermally and structurally stable materials. In this paper, the degradation of a dry processed trilayer separator due to charge-discharge cycles is investigated. It has been found that the separators that underwent higher cycles failed at lower lateral punch force and smaller deformation. Live cell tests also indicate that the deformation and force intensity at the onset of short circuit decreased for a cell after 1200 cycles compared to those for a non-cycled cell, when under lateral indentation. Different characterization methods were used to understand this charge-discharge induced mechanical aging. SEM through-thickness views of the separators show no significant pore size change, but reaction products accumulated in pores of the separator middle layer. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) examination of the surfaces of those separators shows there was no apparent chemical bond change on the surface of the separator during charging and discharging process.

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“…The separator is usually made of porous polyethylene or polypropylene, with the thickness in the range of 10-30 μm [11]. If the electrode stack is crushed or penetrated through, rupture of the separator would result in direct contact between cathode and anode, forming an internal short circuit (ISC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of groove width of modified current collector on internal short circuit of abused lithium-ion battery

Wang

Shi

Noelle

et al. 2017

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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In lithium-ion battery (LIB), mechanical abuse often leads to internal short circuits (ISC) that trigger thermal runaway. We investigated a thermal-runaway mitigation (TRM) technique using modified current collector. By generating surface grooves on the current collector, the area of electrodes directly involved in ISC could be largely reduced, which decreased the ISC current. The TRM mechanism took effect immediately after the LIB was damaged. The testing data indicate that the groove width is a critical factor. With optimized groove width, this technique may enable robust and multifunctional design of LIB cells for large-scale energy-storage units.

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Li-ion Battery Separators, Mechanical Integrity and Failure Mechanisms Leading to Soft and Hard Internal Shorts

Cited by 133 publications

References 23 publications

Review: Characterization and Modeling of the Mechanical Properties of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Review: Characterization and Modeling of the Mechanical Properties of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Degradation of battery separators under charge–discharge cycles

Effect of groove width of modified current collector on internal short circuit of abused lithium-ion battery

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