“…Like the directly generated auroral radio emissions, the narrowband radio emissions are present at all five radio planets of the solar system and are also found to be emitted by the Jovian moon, Ganymede [ Kurth et al , 1997]. The characteristics of nonthermal continuum (NTC) radiation, Jovian narrowband kilometric radiation (n‐KOM) and narrowband emissions from other outer planets are similar to each other, and they are believed to be generated by the same type of mechanism: mode conversion from electrostatic upper hybrid bands, most likely in regions with steep density gradients [ Gurnett and Shaw , 1973; Frankel , 1973; Gurnett , 1975; Shaw and Gurnett , 1975; Jones , 1976; Kurth , 1982; Fung and Papadopoulos , 1987; Jones , 1988; Kurth , 1992; Reiner et al , 1993; Menietti et al , 2003, 2005a, 2005b].…”