Lexeme Definition Model of Inner Attitude in Term of Sadness Meaning in Indonesian Based on Meaning Components

Abstract

Lexeme definition of the same or adjacent meaning in the Indonesian dictionary has not shown any difference, so there is still overlap. This study purposes to find out a lexeme definition model for inner attitude in terms of sadness meaning in Indonesian. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods. The research data are attitudinal lexemes of sadness meaning sourced from eight Indonesian dictionaries. The result study shows that (1) there are twelve attitudinal lexemes of sadness meaning, namely sedih 'sad', risau 'worry', pilu 'heartbroken', gundah 'upset', iba 'pity', sayu 'wistful', rawan 'vulnerable', duka 'sorrowful', lara 'pain', masygul 'masygul', trenyuh 'teary', and nestapa 'misery';(2) the lexical configuration showing a relationship in the form of (a) hyponymy hierarchy (sedih 'sad' as a hypernym of risau 'worried', pilu 'heartbroken', gundah 'upset', iba 'pity', sayu 'wistful', rawan 'vulnerable', duka 'sorrowful', lara 'pain', masygul 'masygul', trenyuh 'teary', and nestapa 'misery'; iba 'pity' as a hypernym of pilu 'heartbroken', sayu 'wistful', trenyuh 'teary') and (b) synonymy hierarchy (partial-synonymy: pilu 'heartbroken ', sayu 'wistful', trenyuh 'teary'; duka 'sorrowful', lara 'pain', masygul 'masygul', duka 'sorrowful'; gundah 'upset', risau 'worry', rawan 'vulnerable' and near-synonymy: pilu 'heartbroken' and sayu 'wistful'; lara 'pain' and nestapa 'sorrow'; gundah 'upset' and risau 'worry'); and (3) the lexeme definition model is determined by semantic meaning of each lexeme which refers to (1) the meaning component marked by {+} or {±}, (2) type, (3) actor and goal, (4) effect, and (4) cause of the lexemes occurrence.