Leviathan

Hospitality and Securitization in Times of Cholera: Eastern European Migrants in Rotterdam and Antwerp, 1880–1914

“…Between 1900 and 1918, about thirteen percent of Antwerp's inhabitants were non-Belgian, most often of German or Dutch origin. 28 Rotterdam started to attract migrants during the 1870s port expansion, many of whom arrived from the national hinterland. Between 1880 and 1910, only ten percent of Rotterdam's newcomers came from abroad, primarily from Germany and Belgium.…”