Levels of anxiety, depression and denial in patients with myocardial infarction

Sarantidis, D; Thomas, Alex; Iphantis, K.; Katsaros, Nikolaos; Tripodianakis, J; Katsabouris, G.

doi:10.1016/s0924-9338(97)80204-0

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…On completion of treatment, some patients experience anxiety that their progress is not being monitored, and that they will be unaware of a recurrence (particularly since ovarian cancer can be asymptomatic). Similar 'separation anxiety' is found in patients leaving the intensive coronary care unit for less intensive monitoring and care in other parts of hospitals [40]. Also surprisingly, having a recurrence was not associated with increased levels of anxiety and depression.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Psychological distress and its correlates in ovarian cancer: a systematic review

2008

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Objective: Ovarian cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, and consequently high levels of distress are often experienced. It is necessary to understand the factors associated with psychological distress in order to guide interventions to target those factors. The purpose of this systematic review was therefore to identify correlates of psychological distress in ovarian cancer.Methods: Included studies had to be quantitative and empirical, with standardized measures of psychological distress (anxiety or depression), and to present results for ovarian cancer patients specifically. Standard systematic search methods were used. Information about design, ovarian cancer sample size, disease stage, time since diagnosis, measures of distress used and findings was extracted from each study. The studies were quality assessed using experimenterdefined criteria as good, average and poor quality. Strength of the evidence (strong, some, inconclusive) was based on the quality and consistency of findings.Results: Eighteen studies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified. There was strong evidence for a relationship between younger age, being diagnosed with more advanced disease, more physical symptoms and shorter time since diagnosis with increased levels of anxiety and/ or depression. Additional factors (e.g. immune) tested in a few studies also emerged as correlates of distress.Conclusions: Demographic, disease and quality of life factors correlated with distress. However, too few studies assessed possible psychological and immunological correlates, which could be potentially modified and should be assessed in future studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Psychological distress and its correlates in ovarian cancer: a systematic review

2008

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“…A number of studies have investigated the associations between smoking and depressive symptoms [36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42]. Lifetime history of major depressive disorder is more than double in ever smokers than in never smokers [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Prevents Professional Drivers from Following Physicians’ Cardiologic Advice?

Emdad

Belkić

Theorell

et al. 1998

Psychother Psychosom

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Background: There is a scarcity of published studies of the effects of cardiac counselling among professional drivers (PD). Aims of the study were: (1) to examine explanatory variables for two classical ‘driver’ risk factors – body mass index (BMI), and smoking – and to analyse the interrelations among smoking cessation, losing weight and work-related life changes; (2) to assess the effectiveness of risk factor counselling after 6 months, and (3) to gain insight into possible discrepancies between PD perception of needed changes and compliance with the physician’s advice. Methods: There were 4 groups of male PD: 13 with ischemic heart disease, 12 hypertensives, 10 borderline hypertensives and 34 normotensives. Baseline cardiovascular risk factors as well as occupational and behavioral data were assessed via questionnaire. The counselling was aimed at smoking cessation, weight loss and promoting leisure-time physical activity. Qualitative methods were used to assess PD perceptions about the work environment and health promotion. Results: Baseline smoking intensity was best predicted by the total burden of occupational stress and number of smoking years. Baseline BMI was best predicted by long work hours behind the wheel, low availability of attachment outside work and low self-reported job strain. Self-initiated smoking cessation was best predicted by few smoking years, low coffee intake and admitting fear during driving. Physical activity was significantly increased after 6 months. Losing weight was associated with: quitting or diminishing smoking and making other, work-related, life changes. None of the heavy smokers decreased their daily number of cigarettes after 6 months, although expressing the need to do so in self-generated statements. Conclusions: Exposure to occupational stressors, mainly, long work hours and the concomitant denial of job strain, in combination with low availability of social attachment outside work, could contribute to maintenance of maladaptive behavior in PD. These findings could serve as a basis for designing standardized intervention trials and suggest that modification of the work environment, with participation of the drivers, is a needed component of such trials. Particular attention should be paid to the length and scheduling of work shifts.

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“…It was found in the initial stage, soon after admission to the hospital, that patients were prone to lowering anxiety in their self-reports, in spite of the behavioral and physiological anxiety symptoms [19]. Within the next few weeks, the level of reported anxiety showed a significant increase [20, 21]. In the cancer patients, not only anxiety but also hope were studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety and Hope during the Course of Three Different Medical Illnesses: A Longitudinal Study

Heszen-Niejodek¹,

Gottschalk²,

Januszek³

1999

Psychother Psychosom

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Background: Somatic illness and its consequences evoke strong emotions of various kinds. They may affect the course of illness and the treatment results through their physiological components. The purpose of the study was to explore emotional reactions to different kinds of illnesses and changes of these emotions over time. Methods: Subjects were 259 medical patients suffering from: primary hypertension, myocardial infarction and cancer of the lungs or pharynx. The study was longitudinal and consisted of three phases. The first was performed immediately after the patient was diagnosed, the second was done 5 weeks later and the third about half a year after the onset of illness. The patients’ emotional state was evaluated with the Gottschalk-Gleser Content Analysis Scales: the Anxiety and the Hope Scales. Results: Significant effects of the kind of illness and of its interaction with the phase of the study were found. In the hypertension group, both anxiety and hope were slightly elevated immediately after diagnosis, then slightly lowered. The myocardial infarction group exhibited a low level of these emotions in the first phase, an increase in the second and then a little decrease. Cancer patients manifested high anxiety and relatively low hope in the initial phase, then a decrease in anxiety and an increase in hope. Conclusions: Both anxiety and hope accompany the illness in its consecutive phases, reflecting properties of illness as a source of psychological stress and the coping process.

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Levels of anxiety, depression and denial in patients with myocardial infarction

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Psychological distress and its correlates in ovarian cancer: a systematic review

Psychological distress and its correlates in ovarian cancer: a systematic review

What Prevents Professional Drivers from Following Physicians’ Cardiologic Advice?

Anxiety and Hope during the Course of Three Different Medical Illnesses: A Longitudinal Study

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